类型错误：参数 1 必须是 ImagingCore，而不是 ImagingCore

Question

在 Windows 下我收到此错误。如何修复PIL？

这是错误：TypeError：参数 1 必须是 ImagingCore，而不是 ImagingCore

#!/usr/bin/python
## -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from PIL import Image, ImageFont
import ImageDraw, StringIO, string
from random import *
from math import *

import os
SITE_PATH = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "..", ".."))

class Captcha3d(object):

    _hypot = 4
    _xx, _yy = 35, 70
    _CIMAGE = None
    _CHARS = string.ascii_lowercase + string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits
    _TEXT = ''

    def __init__(self):
        self._CIMAGE = Image.new("RGB", (self._yy * self._hypot, self._xx * self._hypot), (255,255,255))
        self.generateCode()
        self.render()

    def imageColorAllocate(self, r,g,b):
        hexchars = "0123456789ABCDEF"
        hexcolor = hexchars[r / 16] + hexchars[r % 16] + hexchars[g / 16] + hexchars[g % 16] + hexchars[b / 16] + hexchars[b % 16]
        return int(hexcolor, 16)

    def generateCode(self):
        chars = self._CHARS
        self._TEXT = "".join(choice(chars) for x in range(randint(3, 3)))

    def getText(self):
        return self._TEXT

    def getProection(self, x1,y1,z1):
        x = x1 * self._hypot
        y = z1 * self._hypot
        z = -y1 * self._hypot

        xx = 0.707106781187
        xy = 0
        xz = -0.707106781187

        yx = 0.408248290464
        yy = 0.816496580928
        yz = 0.408248290464 # 1/sqrt(6)

        cx = xx*x + xy*y + xz*z
        cy = yx*x + yy*y + yz*z + 20*self._hypot

        return [cx, cy]

    def zFunction(self, x,y):
        z = 2.6
        if self._CIMAGE.getpixel((y/2,x/2)) == (0,0,0):
            z = 0
        if z != 0:
            z += float(randint(0,60))/100
        z += 1.4 * sin((x+self.startX)*pi/15) * sin((y+self.startY)*pi/15)
        return z

    def render(self):
        fontSans = ImageFont.truetype(os.path.join(SITE_PATH, "data", "fonts", "FreeSans.ttf"), 14)

        draw = ImageDraw.Draw(self._CIMAGE)

        whiteColor = 'white'
        draw.rectangle([0, 0, self._yy * self._hypot, self._xx * self._hypot], fill=whiteColor)

        #textColor = 'black'
        #imgtext = Image.open("i8n.png")
        #self._CIMAGE.paste(imgtext, (0,0))
        imgtext = Image.new("1", (self._yy * self._hypot, self._xx * self._hypot), (1))
        drawtext = ImageDraw.Draw(imgtext)
        drawtext.text((1,0), self._TEXT, font=fontSans, fill=0)
        self._CIMAGE.paste(imgtext, (0,0))

        #draw.text((2,0), self.text, font=fontSans, fill=textColor)

        self.startX = randint(0,self._xx)
        self.startY = randint(0,self._yy)

        crd = {}

        x = 0
        while x < (self._xx+1):
            y = 0
            while y < (self._yy+1):
                crd[str(x) + '&' + str(y)] = self.getProection(x,y,self.zFunction(x,y))
                y += 1
            x += 1

        x = 0
        while x < self._xx:
            y = 0
            while y < self._yy:
                coord = []
                coord.append((int(crd[str(x) + '&' + str(y)][0]),int(crd[str(x) + '&' + str(y)][1])))
                coord.append((int(crd[str(x+1) + '&' + str(y)][0]),int(crd[str(x+1) + '&' + str(y)][1])))
                coord.append((int(crd[str(x+1) + '&' + str(y+1)][0]),int(crd[str(x+1) + '&' + str(y+1)][1])))
                coord.append((int(crd[str(x) + '&' + str(y+1)][0]),int(crd[str(x) + '&' + str(y+1)][1])))

                c = int(self.zFunction(x,y)*32)
                linesColor = (c,c,c)
                draw.polygon(coord, fill=whiteColor, outline=linesColor)
                #draw.polygon(coord, fill=whiteColor)
                y += 1
            x += 1

        draw.rectangle([0, 0, self._xx, self._yy], fill=whiteColor)

        #draw.text((2,0), self.text, font=fontSans, fill=textColor)
        #imageString($this->image, 1, 3, 0, (microtime(true)-$this->time), $textColor);

        del draw
        #self._CIMAGE.save("image.png", "PNG")
        return [self._CIMAGE, self._TEXT]

def main():
    a = Captcha3d()
    print a.getText()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Answer 1

我在 OSX 10.6.8、Python 2.6.5 上也会发生这种情况。我认为某些类被动态导入两次。

尝试更改

from PIL import Image, ImageFont

为

import Image, ImageFont

对我有用。

Answer 2

就我而言，它解决了从 PIL 导入 ImageDraw 的情况

from PIL import ImageDraw

Answer 3

直接从 PIL 导入所有 PIL 东西应该总是可行的。
但是，如果混合导入，

from PIL import Image
import ImageDraw

这可能会导致两个不同的 PIL 库之间发生冲突。
如果您同时安装了 PIL 和 Pillow，则可能会发生这种情况。

我们应该始终这样做，

from PIL import Image
from PIL import ImageDraw
etc.

即具体说明要使用哪个包。