为什么我无法在使用 Maven 进行 Junit 测试运行时访问 src/test/resources？

发布于 2024-12-07 07:53:37 字数 172 浏览 0 评论 0原文

我在运行以下代码时遇到问题：

configService.setMainConfig("src/test/resources/MainConfig.xml");

来自 Junit @Before 方法。

这是 Maven 构建目标文件夹的方式吗？

原文

I am having a problems running the following code:

configService.setMainConfig("src/test/resources/MainConfig.xml");

From within a Junit @Before method.

Is this the way Maven builds out its target folder?

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或十年 2024-12-14 07:53:37

直接访问MainConfig.xml。 src/test/resources 目录内容放置在 CLASSPATH 的根目录中。

更准确地说：src/test/resources 的内容被复制到 target/test-classes 中，因此如果您有以下项目结构：

.
└── src
    └── test
        ├── java
        │   └── foo
        │       └── C.java
        └── resources
            ├── a.xml
            └── foo
                └── b.xml

它将产生以下测试 CLASSPATH内容：

/foo/C.class
/a.xml
/foo/b.xml

要实际从 Java 源访问文件，请使用
getClass().getResource("/MainConfig.xml").getFile()。

Access MainConfig.xml directly. The src/test/resources directory contents are placed in the root of your CLASSPATH.

More precisely: contents of src/test/resources are copied into target/test-classes, so if you have the following project structure:

.
└── src
    └── test
        ├── java
        │   └── foo
        │       └── C.java
        └── resources
            ├── a.xml
            └── foo
                └── b.xml

It will result with the following test CLASSPATH contents:

/foo/C.class
/a.xml
/foo/b.xml

To actually access the files from Java source, use
getClass().getResource("/MainConfig.xml").getFile().

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┾廆蒐ゝ 2024-12-14 07:53:37

我今天遇到了同样的问题，并且找到了一些解决方案。

首先，这是我的文件结构：

.
└── src
│   └── test
│       ├── java
│       │   └── mypackage
│       │       └── MyClassTest.java
│       └── resources
│           └── image.jpg
└── target
    └── test-classes
            ├── image.jpg
            └── mypackage
                └── MyClassTest.class

什么不起作用：（Java 11 Syntax）

var imgFile = new File("image.jpg"); // I was expecting that Junit could find the file.
var absPath = file.getAbsolutePath(); // /home/<user>/../<project-root>/image.jpg
var anyFileUnderThisPath = file.exists(); // false

我们可以注意到，绝对路径根本没有指向我的图像！但如果我在项目根目录下有一个图像，那么它就会起作用。

解决方案1：路径（Java 7中引入）

var relPath = Paths.get("src", "test", "resources", "image.jpg"); // src/test/resources/image.jgp
var absPath = relPath.toFile().getAbsolutePath(); // /home/<user>/../<project-root>/src/test/resources/image.jpg
var anyFileUnderThisPath = new File(absPath).exists(); // true

正如我们所看到的，它指向正确的文件。

解决方案2：ClassLoader

var classLoader = getClass().getClassLoader();
var url = classLoader.getResource("image.jpg"); // file:/home/<user>/../<project-root>/target/test-classes/image.jpg
var file = new File(url.getFile()); // /home/<user>/../<project-root>/target/test-classes/image.jpg
var anyFileUnderThisPath = file.exists(); // true

注意，现在是在目标目录下搜索文件！它有效。

解决方案 3：文件（非工作示例的改编）

var absPath = new File("src/test/resources/image.jpg").getAbsolutePath();
var var anyFileUnderThisPath = new File(absPath).exists(); // true

在采用绝对路径并将 src/test/resources/ 作为前缀后也可以工作。

总结

所有三个解决方案都有效，但在我看来，必须放置 src/test/resources/ 并不优雅，这就是为什么我更喜欢第二个解决方案（<代码>类加载器）。

来源：

I ran into the same problem today and I have found some solutions.

First, here is my file structure:

.
└── src
│   └── test
│       ├── java
│       │   └── mypackage
│       │       └── MyClassTest.java
│       └── resources
│           └── image.jpg
└── target
    └── test-classes
            ├── image.jpg
            └── mypackage
                └── MyClassTest.class

What is not working: (Java 11 synthax)

var imgFile = new File("image.jpg"); // I was expecting that Junit could find the file.
var absPath = file.getAbsolutePath(); // /home/<user>/../<project-root>/image.jpg
var anyFileUnderThisPath = file.exists(); // false

What we can notice is that the absolute path does not point at all on my image! But if I had an image under at the project-root, then it would have worked.

Solution 1: Paths (introduced in Java 7)

var relPath = Paths.get("src", "test", "resources", "image.jpg"); // src/test/resources/image.jgp
var absPath = relPath.toFile().getAbsolutePath(); // /home/<user>/../<project-root>/src/test/resources/image.jpg
var anyFileUnderThisPath = new File(absPath).exists(); // true

As we can see, it points on the right file.

Solution 2: ClassLoader

var classLoader = getClass().getClassLoader();
var url = classLoader.getResource("image.jpg"); // file:/home/<user>/../<project-root>/target/test-classes/image.jpg
var file = new File(url.getFile()); // /home/<user>/../<project-root>/target/test-classes/image.jpg
var anyFileUnderThisPath = file.exists(); // true

Note that now the file is searched under the target directory! and it works.

Solution 3: File (Adaptation of the non-working example)

var absPath = new File("src/test/resources/image.jpg").getAbsolutePath();
var var anyFileUnderThisPath = new File(absPath).exists(); // true

Which works also after taking the absolute path and putting src/test/resources/ as prefix.

Summary

All three solutions works but having to put src/test/resources/ is, in my own opinion not elegant, and this is why I would prefer the 2nd solution (ClassLoader).

Sources:

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