光线投射算法的MySQL实现?

发布于 2024-12-06 16:27:58 字数 608 浏览 0 评论 0原文

我们需要找出一种快速且相当准确的方法来处理谷歌地图上的纬度/经度值和多边形的多边形点。经过一些研究 - 遇到了一些关于 mysql 几何扩展的帖子,并且也实现了它 -

SELECT id, Contains( PolyFromText( 'POLYGON(".$polygonpath.")' ) , PointFromText( concat( \"POINT(\", latitude, \" \", longitude, \")\" ) ) ) AS
            CONTAINS
FROM tbl_points

然而,这不适用于由大量点组成的多边形:(

经过更多研究 - 遇到了一种称为 Ray 的标准算法 -但是在尝试在 MySQL 中开发该算法之前,如果有人已经经历过该算法或遇到了一个有用的链接,该链接显示了如何在 MySQL / SQL 服务器中实现该算法,

那么 我想抓住机会。 - 问题是:

任何人都可以提供光线投射算法的 MySQL/SQL 服务器实现?

附加细节:

  • 多边形可以是凹形、凸形或复杂的,
  • 目标是快速执行,准确度超过 100%。

We need to figure out a quick and fairly accurate method for point-in-polygon for lat/long values and polygons over google maps. After some research - came across some posts about mysql geometric extensions, and did implement that too -

SELECT id, Contains( PolyFromText( 'POLYGON(".$polygonpath.")' ) , PointFromText( concat( \"POINT(\", latitude, \" \", longitude, \")\" ) ) ) AS
            CONTAINS
FROM tbl_points

That did not however work with polygons made up of a large number of points :(

After some more research - came across a standard algorithm called the Ray-casting algorithm but before trying developing a query for that in MySQL, wanted to take my chances if someone had already been through that or came across a useful link which shows how to implement the algorithm in MySQL / SQL-server.

So, cutting it short - question is:

Can anyone please provide the MySQL/SQL-server implementation of Ray casting algorithm?

Additional detail:

  • Polygons are either of concave, convex or complex.
  • Targeting quick execution over 100% accuracy.

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野却迷人 2024-12-13 16:27:58

以下函数(MYSQL 版本的 Raycasting 算法)震撼了我的世界:

CREATE FUNCTION myWithin(p POINT, poly POLYGON) RETURNS INT(1) DETERMINISTIC 
BEGIN 
DECLARE n INT DEFAULT 0; 
DECLARE pX DECIMAL(9,6); 
DECLARE pY DECIMAL(9,6); 
DECLARE ls LINESTRING; 
DECLARE poly1 POINT; 
DECLARE poly1X DECIMAL(9,6); 
DECLARE poly1Y DECIMAL(9,6); 
DECLARE poly2 POINT; 
DECLARE poly2X DECIMAL(9,6); 
DECLARE poly2Y DECIMAL(9,6); 
DECLARE i INT DEFAULT 0; 
DECLARE result INT(1) DEFAULT 0; 
SET pX = X(p); 
SET pY = Y(p); 
SET ls = ExteriorRing(poly); 
SET poly2 = EndPoint(ls); 
SET poly2X = X(poly2); 
SET poly2Y = Y(poly2); 
SET n = NumPoints(ls); 
WHILE i<n DO 
SET poly1 = PointN(ls, (i+1)); 
SET poly1X = X(poly1); 
SET poly1Y = Y(poly1); 
IF ( ( ( ( poly1X <= pX ) && ( pX < poly2X ) ) || ( ( poly2X <= pX ) && ( pX < poly1X ) ) ) && ( pY > ( poly2Y - poly1Y ) * ( pX - poly1X ) / ( poly2X - poly1X ) + poly1Y ) ) THEN 
SET result = !result; 
END IF; 
SET poly2X = poly1X; 
SET poly2Y = poly1Y; 
SET i = i + 1; 
END WHILE; 
RETURN result; 
End; 

添加

  DELIMITER ;; 

根据需要在函数之前 。
该函数的用法是:

 SELECT myWithin(point, polygon) as result;

其中

 point  = Point(lat,lng) 
 polygon = Polygon(lat1 lng1, lat2 lng2, lat3 lng3, .... latn lngn, lat1 lng1)

请注意,多边形应该是闭合的(通常,如果您正在检索标准 kml 或 googlemap 数据,则它是闭合的,但只需确保它是闭合的 - 注意 lat1 lng1 设置在最后重复)

我的数据库中没有点和多边形作为几何字段,所以我必须做类似的事情:

 Select myWithin(PointFromText( concat( "POINT(", latitude, " ", longitude, ")" ) ),PolyFromText( 'POLYGON((lat1 lng1, ..... latn lngn, lat1 lng1))' ) ) as result

我希望这可以帮助某人。

The following function (MYSQL version of Raycasting algorithm) rocked my world :

CREATE FUNCTION myWithin(p POINT, poly POLYGON) RETURNS INT(1) DETERMINISTIC 
BEGIN 
DECLARE n INT DEFAULT 0; 
DECLARE pX DECIMAL(9,6); 
DECLARE pY DECIMAL(9,6); 
DECLARE ls LINESTRING; 
DECLARE poly1 POINT; 
DECLARE poly1X DECIMAL(9,6); 
DECLARE poly1Y DECIMAL(9,6); 
DECLARE poly2 POINT; 
DECLARE poly2X DECIMAL(9,6); 
DECLARE poly2Y DECIMAL(9,6); 
DECLARE i INT DEFAULT 0; 
DECLARE result INT(1) DEFAULT 0; 
SET pX = X(p); 
SET pY = Y(p); 
SET ls = ExteriorRing(poly); 
SET poly2 = EndPoint(ls); 
SET poly2X = X(poly2); 
SET poly2Y = Y(poly2); 
SET n = NumPoints(ls); 
WHILE i<n DO 
SET poly1 = PointN(ls, (i+1)); 
SET poly1X = X(poly1); 
SET poly1Y = Y(poly1); 
IF ( ( ( ( poly1X <= pX ) && ( pX < poly2X ) ) || ( ( poly2X <= pX ) && ( pX < poly1X ) ) ) && ( pY > ( poly2Y - poly1Y ) * ( pX - poly1X ) / ( poly2X - poly1X ) + poly1Y ) ) THEN 
SET result = !result; 
END IF; 
SET poly2X = poly1X; 
SET poly2Y = poly1Y; 
SET i = i + 1; 
END WHILE; 
RETURN result; 
End; 

Add

  DELIMITER ;; 

before the function as required.
The usage for the function is:

 SELECT myWithin(point, polygon) as result;

where

 point  = Point(lat,lng) 
 polygon = Polygon(lat1 lng1, lat2 lng2, lat3 lng3, .... latn lngn, lat1 lng1)

Please note that the polygon ought to be closed (normally it is closed if you're retrieving a standard kml or googlemap data but just make sure it is - note lat1 lng1 set is repeated at the end)

I did not have points and polygons in my database as geometric fields, so I had to do something like:

 Select myWithin(PointFromText( concat( "POINT(", latitude, " ", longitude, ")" ) ),PolyFromText( 'POLYGON((lat1 lng1, ..... latn lngn, lat1 lng1))' ) ) as result

I hope this might help someone.

指尖上的星空 2024-12-13 16:27:58

我会编写一个自定义 UDF,用 C 或 Delphi 或您使用的任何高级工具实现光线投射算法:

编写 UDF 的链接
下面是在球体上查找点的 MySQL gis 实现的源代码(将其用作模板来了解如何与 MySQL 中的空间数据类型进行交互)。
http://www.lenzg.net/archives/220-New-UDF-for-MySQL-5.1-provides-GIS-functions-distance_sphere-and-distance_spheroid.html

来自 MySQL 手册:< br>
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/ 5.0/en/adding-functions.html

MS Visual C++ 的 UDF 教程
http://rpbouman.blogspot.com/2007/ 09/creating-mysql-udfs-with-microsoft.html

Delphi 中的 UDF 教程:
在 Delphi 中为 MySQL 创建 UDF

有关的源代码光线投射算法
伪代码: http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ray-casting_algorithm
drDobbs 中的文章(请注意文章顶部的代码链接): http://drdobbs.com/cpp /184409586
Delphi(实际上是 FreePascal): http://www.cabiatl.com/mricro/raycast/

I would write a custom UDF that implements the ray-casting algorithm in C or Delphi or whatever high level tool you use:

Links for writing a UDF
Here's sourcecode for a MySQL gis implementation that looks up point on a sphere (use it as a template to see how to interact with the spatial datatypes in MySQL).
http://www.lenzg.net/archives/220-New-UDF-for-MySQL-5.1-provides-GIS-functions-distance_sphere-and-distance_spheroid.html

From the MySQL manual:
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/adding-functions.html

UDF tutorial for MS Visual C++
http://rpbouman.blogspot.com/2007/09/creating-mysql-udfs-with-microsoft.html

UDF tutorial in Delphi:
Creating a UDF for MySQL in Delphi

Source-code regarding the ray-casting algorithm
Pseudo-code: http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ray-casting_algorithm
Article in drDobbs (note the link to code at the top of the article): http://drdobbs.com/cpp/184409586
Delphi (actually FreePascal): http://www.cabiatl.com/mricro/raycast/

尝蛊 2024-12-13 16:27:58

以防万一,一个接受 MULTIPOLYGON 作为输入的 MySQL 函数: http://forums .mysql.com/read.php?23,286574,286574

DELIMITER $

CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` FUNCTION `GISWithin`(pt POINT, mp MULTIPOLYGON) RETURNS int(1)
    DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN 

DECLARE str, xy TEXT; 
DECLARE x, y, p1x, p1y, p2x, p2y, m, xinters DECIMAL(16, 13) DEFAULT 0; 
DECLARE counter INT DEFAULT 0; 
DECLARE p, pb, pe INT DEFAULT 0; 

SELECT MBRWithin(pt, mp) INTO p; 

IF p != 1 OR ISNULL(p) THEN 
    RETURN p; 
END IF; 

SELECT X(pt), Y(pt), ASTEXT(mp) INTO x, y, str; 
SET str = REPLACE(str, 'POLYGON((',''); 
SET str = REPLACE(str, '))', ''); 
SET str = CONCAT(str, ','); 

SET pb = 1; 
SET pe = LOCATE(',', str); 
SET xy = SUBSTRING(str, pb, pe - pb); 
SET p = INSTR(xy, ' '); 
SET p1x = SUBSTRING(xy, 1, p - 1); 
SET p1y = SUBSTRING(xy, p + 1); 
SET str = CONCAT(str, xy, ','); 

WHILE pe > 0 DO 
    SET xy = SUBSTRING(str, pb, pe - pb); 
    SET p = INSTR(xy, ' '); 
    SET p2x = SUBSTRING(xy, 1, p - 1); 
    SET p2y = SUBSTRING(xy, p + 1); 

    IF p1y < p2y THEN SET m = p1y; ELSE SET m = p2y; END IF; 

    IF y > m THEN 
        IF p1y > p2y THEN SET m = p1y; ELSE SET m = p2y; END IF; 
        IF y <= m THEN 
            IF p1x > p2x THEN SET m = p1x; ELSE SET m = p2x; END IF; 
            IF x <= m THEN 
                IF p1y != p2y THEN 
                    SET xinters = (y - p1y) * (p2x - p1x) / (p2y - p1y) + p1x; 
                END IF; 
                IF p1x = p2x OR x <= xinters THEN 
                    SET counter = counter + 1; 
                END IF; 
            END IF; 
        END IF; 
    END IF; 

    SET p1x = p2x; 
    SET p1y = p2y; 
    SET pb = pe + 1; 
    SET pe = LOCATE(',', str, pb); 
END WHILE; 

RETURN counter % 2; 

END

Just in case, one MySQL function which accepts MULTIPOLYGON as an input: http://forums.mysql.com/read.php?23,286574,286574

DELIMITER $

CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` FUNCTION `GISWithin`(pt POINT, mp MULTIPOLYGON) RETURNS int(1)
    DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN 

DECLARE str, xy TEXT; 
DECLARE x, y, p1x, p1y, p2x, p2y, m, xinters DECIMAL(16, 13) DEFAULT 0; 
DECLARE counter INT DEFAULT 0; 
DECLARE p, pb, pe INT DEFAULT 0; 

SELECT MBRWithin(pt, mp) INTO p; 

IF p != 1 OR ISNULL(p) THEN 
    RETURN p; 
END IF; 

SELECT X(pt), Y(pt), ASTEXT(mp) INTO x, y, str; 
SET str = REPLACE(str, 'POLYGON((',''); 
SET str = REPLACE(str, '))', ''); 
SET str = CONCAT(str, ','); 

SET pb = 1; 
SET pe = LOCATE(',', str); 
SET xy = SUBSTRING(str, pb, pe - pb); 
SET p = INSTR(xy, ' '); 
SET p1x = SUBSTRING(xy, 1, p - 1); 
SET p1y = SUBSTRING(xy, p + 1); 
SET str = CONCAT(str, xy, ','); 

WHILE pe > 0 DO 
    SET xy = SUBSTRING(str, pb, pe - pb); 
    SET p = INSTR(xy, ' '); 
    SET p2x = SUBSTRING(xy, 1, p - 1); 
    SET p2y = SUBSTRING(xy, p + 1); 

    IF p1y < p2y THEN SET m = p1y; ELSE SET m = p2y; END IF; 

    IF y > m THEN 
        IF p1y > p2y THEN SET m = p1y; ELSE SET m = p2y; END IF; 
        IF y <= m THEN 
            IF p1x > p2x THEN SET m = p1x; ELSE SET m = p2x; END IF; 
            IF x <= m THEN 
                IF p1y != p2y THEN 
                    SET xinters = (y - p1y) * (p2x - p1x) / (p2y - p1y) + p1x; 
                END IF; 
                IF p1x = p2x OR x <= xinters THEN 
                    SET counter = counter + 1; 
                END IF; 
            END IF; 
        END IF; 
    END IF; 

    SET p1x = p2x; 
    SET p1y = p2y; 
    SET pb = pe + 1; 
    SET pe = LOCATE(',', str, pb); 
END WHILE; 

RETURN counter % 2; 

END
病毒体 2024-12-13 16:27:58

回复用于在多边形内查找纬度/经度的 zarun 函数。

我有一个包含纬度/经度信息的属性表。所以我必须获取纬度/经度位于多边形纬度/经度内的记录(我从 Google API 获得)。起初我很困惑如何使用 Zarun 功能。所以这是它的解决方案查询。

  • 表格:属性
  • 字段:id、纬度、经度、床等...
  • 查询:
SELECT id
FROM properties
WHERE myWithin(
    PointFromText(concat( "POINT(", latitude, " ", longitude, ")")),
    PolyFromText('POLYGON((37.628134 -77.458334,37.629867 -77.449021,37.62324 -77.445416,37.622424 -77.457819,37.628134 -77.458334))' )
) = 1 limit 0,50;

希望它能为像我这样的傻瓜节省时间;)

In reply to zarun function for finding lat/long within polygon.

I had a property table having lat/long information. So I had to get the records whose lat/long lies within polygon lats/longs (which I got from Google API). At first I was dumb how to use the Zarun function. So here is the solution query for it.

  • Table: properties
  • Fields: id, latitude, longitude, beds etc...
  • Query:
SELECT id
FROM properties
WHERE myWithin(
    PointFromText(concat( "POINT(", latitude, " ", longitude, ")")),
    PolyFromText('POLYGON((37.628134 -77.458334,37.629867 -77.449021,37.62324 -77.445416,37.622424 -77.457819,37.628134 -77.458334))' )
) = 1 limit 0,50;

Hope it will save time for dumbs like me ;)

-柠檬树下少年和吉他 2024-12-13 16:27:58

我想在多边形表上使用上面的 mywithin 存储过程,因此这里是执行此操作的命令。

使用 ogr2ogr 将包含多边形的 shapefile 导入到 mysql 后,如下所示,

ogr2ogr -f "mysql" MYSQL:"mydbname,host=localhost,user=root,password=mypassword,port=3306" -nln "mytablename" -a_srs "EPSG:4326" /path/to/shapefile.shp

您可以使用 MBRwithin 预过滤您的表,并使用 mywithin 完成如下

DROP TEMPORARY TABLE IF EXISTS POSSIBLE_POLYS;
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE POSSIBLE_POLYS(OGR_FID INT,SHAPE POLYGON);
INSERT INTO POSSIBLE_POLYS (OGR_FID, SHAPE) SELECT mytablename.OGR_FID,mytablename.SHAPE FROM mytablename WHERE MBRwithin(@testpoint,mytablename.SHAPE);

DROP TEMPORARY TABLE IF EXISTS DEFINITE_POLY;
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE DEFINITE_POLY(OGR_FID INT,SHAPE POLYGON);
INSERT INTO DEFINITE_POLY (OGR_FID, SHAPE) SELECT POSSIBLE_POLYS.OGR_FID,POSSIBLE_POLYS.SHAPE FROM POSSIBLE_POLYS WHERE mywithin(@testpoint,POSSIBLE_POLYS.SHAPE);

创建 @testpoint 的操作,例如,

SET @longitude=120;
SET @latitude=-30;
SET @testpoint =(PointFromText( concat( "POINT(", @longitude, " ", @latitude, ")" ) ));

I wanted to use the above mywithin stored procedure on a table of polygons so here are the commands to do just that.

After importing a shapefile containing polygons into mysql using ogr2ogr as follows

ogr2ogr -f "mysql" MYSQL:"mydbname,host=localhost,user=root,password=mypassword,port=3306" -nln "mytablename" -a_srs "EPSG:4326" /path/to/shapefile.shp

you can then use MBRwithin to prefilter your table and mywithin to finish as follows

DROP TEMPORARY TABLE IF EXISTS POSSIBLE_POLYS;
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE POSSIBLE_POLYS(OGR_FID INT,SHAPE POLYGON);
INSERT INTO POSSIBLE_POLYS (OGR_FID, SHAPE) SELECT mytablename.OGR_FID,mytablename.SHAPE FROM mytablename WHERE MBRwithin(@testpoint,mytablename.SHAPE);

DROP TEMPORARY TABLE IF EXISTS DEFINITE_POLY;
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE DEFINITE_POLY(OGR_FID INT,SHAPE POLYGON);
INSERT INTO DEFINITE_POLY (OGR_FID, SHAPE) SELECT POSSIBLE_POLYS.OGR_FID,POSSIBLE_POLYS.SHAPE FROM POSSIBLE_POLYS WHERE mywithin(@testpoint,POSSIBLE_POLYS.SHAPE);

where @testpoint is created, for example, from

SET @longitude=120;
SET @latitude=-30;
SET @testpoint =(PointFromText( concat( "POINT(", @longitude, " ", @latitude, ")" ) ));
回首观望 2024-12-13 16:27:58

MySQL5.6.1 及更高版本开始,它现在是一个空间扩展。请参阅function_st-包含 位于 文档

It is now a Spatial Extension as of MySQL5.6.1 and above. See function_st-contains at Docs.

旧话新听 2024-12-13 16:27:58

这是一个适用于 MULTIPOLYGONS 的版本(Zarun 版本的改编版,仅适用于 POLYGONS)。

CREATE FUNCTION GISWithin(p POINT, multipoly MULTIPOLYGON) RETURNS INT(1) DETERMINISTIC 
BEGIN 
DECLARE n,i,m,x INT DEFAULT 0; 
DECLARE pX,pY,poly1X,poly1Y,poly2X,poly2Y DECIMAL(13,10); 
DECLARE ls LINESTRING; 
DECLARE poly MULTIPOLYGON;
DECLARE poly1,poly2 POINT; 
DECLARE result INT(1) DEFAULT 0; 
SET pX = X(p); 
SET pY = Y(p); 
SET m = NumGeometries(multipoly);
WHILE x<m DO 
SET poly = GeometryN(multipoly,x);
SET ls = ExteriorRing(poly); 
SET poly2 = EndPoint(ls); 
SET poly2X = X(poly2); 
SET poly2Y = Y(poly2); 
SET n = NumPoints(ls); 
WHILE i<n DO 
SET poly1 = PointN(ls, (i+1)); 
SET poly1X = X(poly1); 
SET poly1Y = Y(poly1); 
IF ( ( ( ( poly1X <= pX ) && ( pX < poly2X ) ) || ( ( poly2X <= pX ) && ( pX < poly1X ) ) ) && ( pY > ( poly2Y - poly1Y ) * ( pX - poly1X ) / ( poly2X - poly1X ) + poly1Y ) ) THEN 
SET result = !result; 
END IF; 
SET poly2X = poly1X; 
SET poly2Y = poly1Y; 
SET i = i + 1; 
END WHILE; 
SET x = x + 1;
END WHILE;
RETURN result; 
End; 

Here is a version that works with MULTIPOLYGONS (an adaptation of Zarun's one which only works for POLYGONS).

CREATE FUNCTION GISWithin(p POINT, multipoly MULTIPOLYGON) RETURNS INT(1) DETERMINISTIC 
BEGIN 
DECLARE n,i,m,x INT DEFAULT 0; 
DECLARE pX,pY,poly1X,poly1Y,poly2X,poly2Y DECIMAL(13,10); 
DECLARE ls LINESTRING; 
DECLARE poly MULTIPOLYGON;
DECLARE poly1,poly2 POINT; 
DECLARE result INT(1) DEFAULT 0; 
SET pX = X(p); 
SET pY = Y(p); 
SET m = NumGeometries(multipoly);
WHILE x<m DO 
SET poly = GeometryN(multipoly,x);
SET ls = ExteriorRing(poly); 
SET poly2 = EndPoint(ls); 
SET poly2X = X(poly2); 
SET poly2Y = Y(poly2); 
SET n = NumPoints(ls); 
WHILE i<n DO 
SET poly1 = PointN(ls, (i+1)); 
SET poly1X = X(poly1); 
SET poly1Y = Y(poly1); 
IF ( ( ( ( poly1X <= pX ) && ( pX < poly2X ) ) || ( ( poly2X <= pX ) && ( pX < poly1X ) ) ) && ( pY > ( poly2Y - poly1Y ) * ( pX - poly1X ) / ( poly2X - poly1X ) + poly1Y ) ) THEN 
SET result = !result; 
END IF; 
SET poly2X = poly1X; 
SET poly2Y = poly1Y; 
SET i = i + 1; 
END WHILE; 
SET x = x + 1;
END WHILE;
RETURN result; 
End; 
~没有更多了~
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