C++ 中非成员函数的广义链接;
我不知道这是否可以实现,但是考虑到这些函数\类集:
float plus1(float x) { return x+1; }
float div2(float x) { return x/2.0f; }
template <typename T>
class chain {
public:
chain(const T& val = T()) : val_(val) {}
chain& operator<<( std::function<float (float)> func ) {
val_ = func(val_);
return *this;
}
operator T() const {
return val_;
}
T val_;
};
我可以像这样链接在浮点数上运行的函数:
float x = chain<float>(3.0f) << div2 << plus1 << div2 << plus1;
但是,我想将其概括\扩展为能够在类型和类型之间进行转换具有带参数的函数。不幸的是,我不够聪明,无法弄清楚如何或是否可以做到这一点。 更具体地说,我希望能够做这样的事情(其中 operator<<
只是一个任意选择,最好我什至不必编写“链”开头); 另外,这些只是虚拟示例,我不打算将其用于算术。
std::string str = chain<float>(3.0) << mul(2.0f) << sqrt << to_string << to_upper;
或者
vec3d v = chain<vec3i>(vec3i(1,1,1)) << normalize << to_vec3<double>;
有什么想法吗?
I don't know if this can even be achivieable, but given these set of functions\class:
float plus1(float x) { return x+1; }
float div2(float x) { return x/2.0f; }
template <typename T>
class chain {
public:
chain(const T& val = T()) : val_(val) {}
chain& operator<<( std::function<float (float)> func ) {
val_ = func(val_);
return *this;
}
operator T() const {
return val_;
}
T val_;
};
I can chain functions operating on floats like this:
float x = chain<float>(3.0f) << div2 << plus1 << div2 << plus1;
However, I'd like to generalize\extend this to being able to convert between types and have functions with arguments. Unfortunately I'm not smart enough to figure out how, or if, this can be done.
Too be more specific I'd like to be able to do something like this (Where operator<<
is just an arbitary choice, and preferably I dont even have to write "chain" at the beginning);
Also, these are just dummy examples, I do not intend to use it for arithmetics.
std::string str = chain<float>(3.0) << mul(2.0f) << sqrt << to_string << to_upper;
or
vec3d v = chain<vec3i>(vec3i(1,1,1)) << normalize << to_vec3<double>;
Any ideas?
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我想我明白你为什么想这么做了。它类似于 iostream 操纵器。
您始终需要从
chain(...)
开始(即您永远无法神奇地执行int x = 1 << plus(2) << ; times(2)
),但您可以重载运算符 int
、运算符 float
,...以允许隐式转换。您还需要返回并定义每种类型(例如
mul
),然后实现operator<<
,它接受 mul 或 const mul,但作为一个整体这是可行的(但 PITA)I think i see why you want to do it. It's similar to the iostream manipulators.
You will always need to start with
chain(...)
(i.e you will never be able to magically do something likeint x = 1 << plus(2) << times(2)
), but you can overload theoperator int
,operator float
, ... to allow for the implicit conversions.You will also need to go back and define each type (like
mul
) and then implement theoperator<<
which takes a mul or a const mul, but as a whole it's doable (but a PITA)使用 boost::proto 的通用且可扩展的解决方案:
基本思想是将函数对象包装为 proto 终端,构建一个小型 |基于语法并让原型系统处理组合。
A general and extendable solution using boost::proto :
The basic idea is to wrap function objects as proto terminals, build a small | based grammar and let the proto system deals with the composition.
为了获得类型之间的转换,您希望所有内容都返回一个可以转换为任何类型的代理对象。也许是基于 boost::variant 的东西。
您还可以重写您的运算符 <<作为模板函数,使其更加通用:
这将允许您使用任何类型的函数对象作为参数。
要使用具有多个参数的函数,可以使用绑定函数。这是在 C++11 之前的 boost 中,但现在它已在标准中,并且应该在任何 C++11 兼容编译器上可用。
In order to get conversions between types you would want to have everything return a proxy object, that could convert to any type. Something based on boost::variant, perhaps.
You could also rewrite your operator << as a template function to make it a bit more generic:
That would allow you to use any kind of function object as an argument.
To use functions with multiple arguments, you can use the bind function. This was in boost prior to C++11, however now it is in the standard and should be available on any C++11 compatible compiler.
这是我的 C++17 解决方案。
像这样使用它
Here is my solution for C++17.
And use it like this