美国州/县/市/zip 数据库中的数据限制?
我有一个美国邮政编码及其对应的州、城市和县的数据库。它以平面文件的形式提供,我正在尝试标准化数据并准确找出哪些实体依赖于其他实体。
我遇到的一个问题是,有些城市似乎存在于多个县中。我的印象是,在美国,国家是有等级制度的——>县->城市->拉链。
然而,对于某些城市,此数据似乎另有显示:
我的数据集是否不正确,或者这实际上是美国地理的一个特征?
I have a database of US zip codes and their corresponding states, cities and counties. It was supplied as a flat file and I'm trying to normalize the data and figure out exactly which entities depend on which others.
One problem I've come across is that some cities seem to exist in more than one county. I was under the impression that in the US, there is a hierarchy of State -> County -> City -> Zip.
However, this data seems to show otherwise for some cities:
Is my data set incorrect or is this actually a feature of US geography?
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我正在研究同一主题。我了解到弗吉尼亚州有一些不在县内的城市。该市既具有城市的功能,又具有县的功能,但不在任何县边界之内。阿拉斯加也没有县。他们的等效词是自治市镇,但整个州并不分为自治市镇。任何不在行政区内的区域都被称为“无组织行政区”。
I am working with this same topic. I have learned that Virgina has cities that are not within a county. The city functions as both a city and county but in not within any county boundary. Also Alaska has no counties. Their equivilant is Boroughs, but the whole state is not divided into boroughs. Any area not within a borough is referred to as the "unorganized borough".
不,不存在这样清晰的层次结构。
您还可能会找到跨越州界的城市(两个州的城市)以及涵盖多个城市的邮政编码。不久前,也有跨越州界的邮政编码。 (邮政编码更多的是关于递送邮件的路线,而不是地理。)可能仍然有一些。
据我所知,没有一个县被分成两个州。但如果碰巧有这样一个人,我也不会感到惊讶。
根据您的应用程序,您可能会发现更奇怪的事情。我曾经不得不处理山区的地址,这些地址在地理上位于一个县“内”,但对于紧急服务(消防、警察)而言位于第二个县“内”,对于非紧急服务则位于第三个县“内” (水、下水道、垃圾收集)。这取决于地址相对于山脊和道路的位置。
No, there isn't a clean hierarchy like that.
You're also liable to find cities that straddle state borders (cities in two states), and ZIP codes that take in more than one city. Not long ago, there were ZIP codes that straddled state borders, too. (ZIP codes are more about the route followed to deliver mail than about geography.) There might still be some.
As far as I know, no county is split between two states. But if there happened to be one, it wouldn't surprise me.
Depending on your application, you might discover even weirder things. I used to have to deal with addresses in the mountains that were "in" one county geographically, but were "in" a second county for emergency services (fire, police), and "in" yet a third county for non-emergency services (water, sewer, garbage collection). It depended on where the address was in relation to mountain ridges and roads.