为什么不“”和☺有效的 JavaScript 变量名?

发布于 2024-12-05 13:13:29 字数 539 浏览 0 评论 0 原文

我注意到在 Internet Explorer 中(但不幸的是,在我测试的其他浏览器中没有),您可以使用一些 Unicode 变量名称。这让我很开心,我非常高兴能够编写这样有趣的 Unicode 代码:

var ктоείναι草泥马 = "You dirty horse.",
    happy☺n☺mat☺p☺eia = ":)Yay!",
    ಠ_ಠ = "emoticon";

alert(ктоείναι草泥马 + happy☺n☺mat☺p☺eia + ಠ_ಠ);

不过,出于某种原因,◎♫◎♨_♨ 不是有效的变量名称。

为什么ಠ_ಠ草泥马有效,但不是 ◎♨♨♨_♨

I noticed that in Internet Explorer (but, unfortunately, not in the other browsers I tested), you can use some Unicode variable names. This made my day, and I was absolutely delighted that I could write fun Unicode-laden code like this:

var ктоείναι草泥马 = "You dirty horse.",
    happy☺n☺mat☺p☺eia = ":)Yay!",
    ಠ_ಠ = "emoticon";

alert(ктоείναι草泥马 + happy☺n☺mat☺p☺eia + ಠ_ಠ);

For some reason, though, ◎ܫ◎, ♨_♨ and are not valid variable names.

Why do ಠ_ಠ and 草泥马 work, but not ◎ܫ◎, ♨_♨ or ?

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ペ泪落弦音 2024-12-12 13:13:29

ಠ_ಠ
草泥马仅包含实际字母表中使用的“字母”;也就是ಠ
卡纳达字母中的符号,草泥马由汉字组成。

然而,◎和☺纯粹是符号;它们不与任何字母表相关联。

ECMAScript 标准第 7.6 章(除 Internet Explorer 之外的所有浏览器都遵循该标准),规定标识符必须以以下之一。

  • Unicode 字母
  • $_
  • \ 后跟 unicode 转义序列。

标识符的以下字符必须是以下字符之一。

  • 开头允许的任何字符
  • Unicode 组合标记
  • Unicode 数字
  • Unicode 连接器标点符号
  • 零宽度非连接
  • 符 零宽度连接符

IE 超出了标准,并且足够允许某些符号,例如 ☺。

有一个一个工具可以告诉您输入的任何字符串是否是符合 ECMAScript 5.1 和 Unicode 6.1 的有效 JavaScript 变量名称。

ಠ_ಠ
and 草泥马 only contain "letters" used in actual alphabets; that is, ಠ
is a symbol from the Kannada alphabet, and 草泥马 consists of Chinese characters.

◎ and ☺, however, are purely symbols; they are not associated with any alphabet.

The ECMAScript standard, chapter 7.6 (which all the browsers except Internet Explorer are following), states that an identifier must start with one of the following.

  • a Unicode letter
  • $ or _
  • \ followed by a unicode escape sequence.

The following characters of an identifier must be one of the following.

  • any of the characters permitted at the start
  • a Unicode combining mark
  • a Unicode digit
  • a Unicode connector punctuation
  • a zero-width-non-joiner
  • a zero-width joiner

IE goes beyond the standard and is permissive enough to allow some symbols, such as ☺.

There’s a tool that will tell you if any string that you enter is a valid JavaScript variable name according to ECMAScript 5.1 and Unicode 6.1.

蓝戈者 2024-12-12 13:13:29

EcmaScript 262,第 7.6 节 规定名称必须以 $、_ 或 a 开头Unicode 字母,之后可能包含这些字符、Unicode 组合标记、Unicode 数字或 Unicode 连接器标点符号(以及一些作为语言的格式控制字符)具体。)

因此,在您的情况下允许和不允许的标识符之间的区别可能在于前导字符是否被视为“字母”。

EcmaScript 262, section 7.6 says names must start with $, _, or a Unicode letter, and after that may contain either those characters, or Unicode combining marks, Unicode digits, or Unicode connector punctuation (and a couple of format-control characters that are language specific.)

So, the difference between allowed and not allowed identifiers in your cases is probably whether the leading character is considered a "letter".

他是夢罘是命 2024-12-12 13:13:29

引用有效的 JavaScript 变量名称,我的文章总结了相关规范部分:

标识符必须以 $_ 或 Unicode 类别中的任何字符开头“大写字母 (Lu)”, “小写字母(Ll)”“标题大写字母 (Lt)”“修饰符字母 (Lm)”, “其他字母 (Lo)”,或 “字母编号 (Nl) ”

字符串的其余部分可以包含相同的字符,加上任何 U+200C 零宽度非连接符 字符、U+200D 零宽度连接符 字符和字符在 Unicode 类别中 “非间距标记 (Mn)”“间距组合标记 (Mc)”, “十进制数字 (Nd)”,或 “连接器标点符号(PC)”

我还创建了 一个工具,它会告诉您是否有任何字符串您输入的是根据 ECMAScript 5.1 和 Unicode 6.3 的有效 JavaScript 变量名称:

JavaScript 变量名称验证器


PS 如果您要在 JavaScript 的单个 ASCII 正则表达式长度将超过 9,000 个字符。这里是:

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To quote Valid JavaScript variable names, my write-up summarizing the relevant spec sections:

An identifier must start with $, _, or any character in the Unicode categories “Uppercase letter (Lu)”, “Lowercase letter (Ll)”, “Titlecase letter (Lt)”, “Modifier letter (Lm)”, “Other letter (Lo)”, or “Letter number (Nl)”.

The rest of the string can contain the same characters, plus any U+200C zero width non-joiner characters, U+200D zero width joiner characters, and characters in the Unicode categories “Non-spacing mark (Mn)”, “Spacing combining mark (Mc)”, “Decimal digit number (Nd)”, or “Connector punctuation (Pc)”.

I’ve also created a tool that will tell you if any string that you enter is a valid JavaScript variable name according to ECMAScript 5.1 and Unicode 6.3:

JavaScript variable name validator


P.S. If you were to summarize all these rules in a single ASCII-only regular expression for JavaScript, it would be over 9,000 characters long. Here it is:

// ECMAScript 5.1 / Unicode v6.3.0:
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美羊羊 2024-12-12 13:13:29

对于对象属性,您可以使用方括号语法:

window["◎ܫ◎"] = true;
alert(window["◎ܫ◎"]); // alerts "true"

For object properties, you can use square-bracket syntax:

window["◎ܫ◎"] = true;
alert(window["◎ܫ◎"]); // alerts "true"
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