如何获取没有 __dict__ 的 Python 对象的属性列表？
对于 xml.etree 的实例，您将如何执行此操作.cElementTree.Element？
$ python
Python 2.7.1 (r271:86832, Jun 16 2011, 16:59:05)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Based on Apple Inc. build 5658) (LLVM build 2335.15.00)] on darwin
>>> from xml.etree.cElementTree import Element
>>> obj = Element('aaa')
>>> obj
<Element 'aaa' at 0x101bde270>
>>> dir(obj)
['__copy__', '__deepcopy__', '__reduce__', 'append', 'clear', 'extend', 'find', 'findall', 'findtext', 'get', 'getchildren', 'getiterator', 'insert', 'items', 'iter', 'iterfind', 'itertext', 'keys', 'makeelement', 'remove', 'set']
>>> obj.tag
'aaa'
How would you do this for an instance of xml.etree.cElementTree.Element?
$ python
Python 2.7.1 (r271:86832, Jun 16 2011, 16:59:05)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Based on Apple Inc. build 5658) (LLVM build 2335.15.00)] on darwin
>>> from xml.etree.cElementTree import Element
>>> obj = Element('aaa')
>>> obj
<Element 'aaa' at 0x101bde270>
>>> dir(obj)
['__copy__', '__deepcopy__', '__reduce__', 'append', 'clear', 'extend', 'find', 'findall', 'findtext', 'get', 'getchildren', 'getiterator', 'insert', 'items', 'iter', 'iterfind', 'itertext', 'keys', 'makeelement', 'remove', 'set']
>>> obj.tag
'aaa'
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如果通过自定义
__getattr__或__getattribute__返回属性，则不尝试就无法知道是否会返回属性，并且在不尝试所有可能的名称的情况下无法获得完整列表。您可以通过dir()。If attributes are returned via custom
__getattr__or__getattribute__, you cannot know whether an attribute will be returned without trying and you cannot get a full list without trying all possible names. You can get the list of static attributes viadir().xml.etree.ElementTree.Element对象确实有一个__dict__。__dict__是当前定义的属性的字典。dir()调用__dir__()，它可能会被覆盖。The
xml.etree.ElementTree.Elementobject does have a__dict__.The
__dict__is the dictionary of currently defined attributes.dir()calls__dir__(), which may be overrided.