Node.js 中的 For 循环和异步回调？

发布于 2024-12-02 13:56:20 字数 695 浏览 0 评论 0原文

我是 JavaScript 和 Node.js 新手。我想循环遍历一个目录并将所有文件统计（不是其他目录）添加到一个数组中。正如您在下面看到的，我的代码存在问题，因为回调可能会在 for 循环完成后被调用，因此在回调方法中使用“i”变量将不起作用。但是代码应该是什么样子才能让下面的代码片段起作用呢？和闭店有关系吗？

感谢您的帮助！

    fs.readdir(SYNCDIR, function(err1, files) {
        var filesOnly = [];

        if(!err1) {

            for(var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {

                var imgFilePath = SYNCDIR + '/' + files[i];
                fs.stat(imgFilePath, function(stat){

                    if (stat.isFile()){
                        filesOnly[i] = stat; // This will not be correct since the for-loop has finished
                    }
                });

            }
        }
    });

原文

I'm new to JavaScript and to node.js. I want to loop through a directory and add all file stat (not other directories) to an array. As you see below there is a problem with my code since the callback will probably get called after the for loop has finished so using the "i"-variable in the callback method will not work. But how should the code look so that the below snippet works? Does it have something to do with closures?

Thanks for help!

    fs.readdir(SYNCDIR, function(err1, files) {
        var filesOnly = [];

        if(!err1) {

            for(var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {

                var imgFilePath = SYNCDIR + '/' + files[i];
                fs.stat(imgFilePath, function(stat){

                    if (stat.isFile()){
                        filesOnly[i] = stat; // This will not be correct since the for-loop has finished
                    }
                });

            }
        }
    });

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眼泪都笑了 2024-12-09 13:56:20

您关于需要使用闭包的说法是正确的。您应该将 for 循环的内容包装在自调用函数中，以保留每次迭代的 i 值。

fs.readdir(SYNCDIR, function(err1, files) {
    var filesOnly = [];

    if(!err1) {

        for(var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {

            (function(i) {
                var imgFilePath = SYNCDIR + '/' + files[i];
                fs.stat(imgFilePath, function(stat){
                    if (stat.isFile()){
                        filesOnly[i] = stat;
                    }
                });
            })(i);

        }
    }
});

You are right about needing to use a closure. You should wrap the contents of the for loop in a self-invoking function to preserve the value of i for each iteration.

fs.readdir(SYNCDIR, function(err1, files) {
    var filesOnly = [];

    if(!err1) {

        for(var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {

            (function(i) {
                var imgFilePath = SYNCDIR + '/' + files[i];
                fs.stat(imgFilePath, function(stat){
                    if (stat.isFile()){
                        filesOnly[i] = stat;
                    }
                });
            })(i);

        }
    }
});

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ぶ宁プ宁ぶ 2024-12-09 13:56:20

一种方法是重写循环的内部结构以使用闭包：

fs.readdir(SYNCDIR, function(err1, files) {
    var filesOnly = [];
    if(!err1) {
        for(var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
            (function(index) {
                var imgFilePath = SYNCDIR + '/' + files[index];
                fs.stat(imgFilePath, function(stat){
                    if (stat.isFile()){
                        filesOnly[index] = stat;
                    }
                });
            })(i);
        }
    }
});

一个更好看的示例，使用 Array.prototype.forEach 实现相同的效果：

fs.readdir(SYNCDIR, function(err1, files) {
    var filesOnly = [];
    if(!err1) {
        files.forEach(function(file, i) {
            var imgFilePath = SYNCDIR + '/' + file;
            fs.stat(imgFilePath, function(stat){
                if (stat.isFile()){
                    filesOnly[i] = stat;
                }
            });
        });
    }
});

One way is to rewrite the innards of the loop to use a closure:

fs.readdir(SYNCDIR, function(err1, files) {
    var filesOnly = [];
    if(!err1) {
        for(var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
            (function(index) {
                var imgFilePath = SYNCDIR + '/' + files[index];
                fs.stat(imgFilePath, function(stat){
                    if (stat.isFile()){
                        filesOnly[index] = stat;
                    }
                });
            })(i);
        }
    }
});

A better looking example, achieving the same, using Array.prototype.forEach:

fs.readdir(SYNCDIR, function(err1, files) {
    var filesOnly = [];
    if(!err1) {
        files.forEach(function(file, i) {
            var imgFilePath = SYNCDIR + '/' + file;
            fs.stat(imgFilePath, function(stat){
                if (stat.isFile()){
                    filesOnly[i] = stat;
                }
            });
        });
    }
});

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