如何使用共享内存传递数据并将接收到的数据保存到文件

Question

我是linux环境的新手。我只知道C的基础知识。我正在尝试学习linux编程。为此，我正在尝试共享内存的示例。请有人帮我解决这个例子。 我正在尝试使用共享内存将人员详细信息（如姓名、电话号码和地址）发送到另一个进程。通过第二个进程接收数据后，我尝试将接收到的数据保存到文件中。这就是我正在做的任务。 我可以只发送名称并在第二个过程中接收它。有人可以帮助如何将数据（如姓名、电话号码和地址）发送到第二个进程，在第二个进程中它必须打印数据并将数据保存到文件中。 这是我的代码：

address.c

char *shared_memory;
int main()
{
  int select;
  int segment_id;
  char* shared_memory;
  int segment_size;
  key_t shm_key;
  const int shared_segment_size = 0x6500;
  shm_key = ftok("/home/madan/programs/shm_tok",'C');
  if(shm_key < 0) {
    printf("failed to create the key %s\n",strerror(errno));
  }
  /* Allocate a shared memory segment. */
   segment_id = shmget (shm_key, shared_segment_size,
            IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL | S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
    if(segment_id < 0) {
      printf("error geting the segment id %s\n",strerror(errno));
    }
    printf("segment ID:%d\n", segment_id);
   /* Attach the shared memory segment. */
   shared_memory = (char*) shmat (segment_id, 0, 0);
   printf ("shared memory attached at address %p\n", shared_memory);

/* I want to send these details to the shared memory. Can someone suggest me the correct way to send these details to shared memory so that second process can retrieve them*/

   sprintf(shared_memory, "maddy\n");
   sprintf(shared_memory, "767556686");
   sprintf(shared_memory, "Ontario");

 system("./address-insert");
      /* Detach the shared memory segment. */
  shmdt (shared_memory);
   /

    * Deallocate the shared memory segment.*/
           shmctl (segment_id, IPC_RMID, 0);
}

---

addres-insert.c

int main ()
{
  int segment_id;
  char* shared_memory;
  FILE *fp;
  char *name;
  int segment_size;
   key_t shm_key;
  shm_key = ftok("/home/madan/programs/shm_tok",'C');
  const int shared_segment_size = 0x6500;
  /* Allocate a shared memory segment. */
  segment_id = shmget (shm_key, shared_segment_size,
              S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
  if(segment_id < 0) {
    printf("error:[%s]",strerror(errno));
  }
  printf("segment id %d\n",segment_id);
  /* Attach the shared memory segment. */
  shared_memory = (char*) shmat (segment_id, 0, 0);
  if(shared_memory == NULL) {
    printf("failed to attach the shared memory %s",strerror(errno));
  }
  printf ("shared memory2 attached at address %p\n", shared_memory);
  /* printing the data from shared memory send by first process*/
  printf ("name=%s\n", shared_memory);

  /*copying the data in shared memory so i can save them to a file*/
  strcpy(name, shared_memory);
  printf("%s", name);
  /*here i have to save the data to a file. But i don't know how to do it, can someone help me with this please*/

  /* Detach the shared memory segment. */
  shmdt (shared_memory);
  return 0;
}

Answer 1

要将数据保存在文件中，可以使用文件流。为此，您必须了解文件流。

希望这些链接会有所帮助。

http://linux.die.net/man/3/fopen

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_file_input/output

这里是我特别提到的示例程序打字、整理并附上，供大家参考。

#include<sys/types.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/ipc.h>
#include<sys/shm.h>
#include<stdio.h> 

struct mystruct // you can make your own structure if you want to pass many data
{
  int i;
  float f;
  char c;
  int arr[3];
}myObj = {1,1.1,'C',{100,1000,10000}};


main()
{
  int shmid;
  char* addr1;
  key_t key;
  //file to key. Generates a unique key
  key = ftok("/home/muthu/Desktop/anyfile.txt",'T');
  shmid = shmget(key,sizeof(struct mystruct),IPC_CREAT|SHM_R|SHM_W);
  printf("shmid = %d",shmid);
  addr1 = shmat(shmid,0,0);
  printf("\nIPC SHARED MEMORY");
  //copying your structure at the shared location.
  memcpy(addr1,&myObj,sizeof(myObj));
  printf("\nMESSAGE STORED");
}

对于共享内存2......

//<All necessary header files>
//<same my struct declaration here>
main()
{
  int shmid;
  char* addr1;
  FILE* fp;
  key_t key;

  struct mystruct* myObj2;
  //Generate the same unique key. Must provide the same file here too.
  key = ftok("/home/muthu/Desktop/anyfile.txt",'T');
  shmid = shmget(key,sizeof(struct mystruct),SHM_R|SHM_W);
  addr1 = shmat(shmid,0,0);
  myObj2 = (struct mystruct*)malloc(sizeof(struct mystruct)*1);
  if(shmid == -1)
    printf("\nShared memory error");
  //Retrieve the stored information, form the shared location.
  memcpy(myObj2,addr1,sizeof(struct mystruct));
  fp = fopen("/home/muthu/Desktop/MyFile.txt","w"); //open a file stream
  if(fp == NULL) 
    printf("\nError on opening file stream.\n");
  fprintf(fp,"\nIPC SHARED MEMORY");
  fprintf(fp,"\nMESSAGE RECIEVED FORM THE SHARED MEMORY  IS..\n");
  fprintf(fp,"\ninteger: %d",myObj2->i);
  fprintf(fp,"\nfloat: %f",myObj2->f);
  fprintf(fp,"\nchar: %c",myObj2->c); //write to the file
  fprintf(fp,"\narr: %d %d %d",myObj2->arr[0],myObj2->arr[1],myObj2->arr[2]);
  fprintf(fp,"\nDATA RECIEVED.");  
  fclose(fp); //close the file stream
  printf("\nMessage successfully stored!");
}

Answer 2

这是您可以使用的片段

fp = fopen("filename","a+");
fwrite(name, 1, strlen(name),fp);
fclose(fp);

Answer 3

您可以将所有三个字段存储到一个结构中，并将该结构加载到共享内存中。通过这种方式，您可以确保所有字段都位于一个结构下。

在读取 SHM 的过程中，您可以使用上面其他人提到的文件流实用程序。