合并排序 - 微小的更改会引发 SystemInvalidOperationException
我的程序中发生了一件非常奇怪的事情。这是简化的代码。
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ArrayList numbers = new ArrayList();
numbers.Add(1);
numbers.Add(3);
numbers.Add(4);
numbers.Add(2);
var it = Sorts.MergeSort((ArrayList)numbers.Clone());
Sorts.PrintArray(it, "mergesort");
Console.WriteLine("DONE");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
public static class Sorts
{
public static ArrayList BubbleSort(ArrayList numbers)
{
bool sorted = true;
for (int i = 0; i < numbers.Count; i++)
{
for (int j = 1; j < numbers.Count; j++)
{
if ((int)numbers[j - 1] > (int)numbers[j])
{
int tmp = (int)numbers[j - 1];
numbers[j - 1] = numbers[j];
numbers[j] = tmp;
sorted = false;
}
}
if (sorted)
{
return numbers;
}
}
return numbers;
}
public static ArrayList MergeSort(ArrayList numbers, int switchLimit = 3)
{
//if I use this if - everything works
if (numbers.Count <= 1)
{
// return numbers;
}
//the moment I use this condition - it throws SystemInvalidOperationException in function Merge in the line of a "for"-loop
if (numbers.Count <=switchLimit)
{
return Sorts.BubbleSort(numbers);
}
ArrayList ret = new ArrayList();
int middle = numbers.Count / 2;
ArrayList L = numbers.GetRange(0, middle);
ArrayList R = numbers.GetRange(middle, numbers.Count - middle);
L = MergeSort(L);
R = MergeSort(R);
return Merge(L, R);
}
private static ArrayList Merge(ArrayList L, ArrayList R)
{
ArrayList ret = new ArrayList();
int l = 0;
int r = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < L.Count + R.Count; i++)
{
if (l == L.Count)
{
ret.Add(R[r++]);
}
else if (r == R.Count)
{
ret.Add(L[l++]);
}
else if ((int)L[l] < (int)R[r])
{
ret.Add(L[l++]);
}
else
{
ret.Add(R[r++]);
}
}
return ret;
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
public static void PrintArray(ArrayList arr, string txt = "", int sleep = 0)
{
Console.WriteLine("{1}({0}): ", arr.Count, txt);
for (int i = 0; i < arr.Count; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(arr[i].ToString().PadLeft(10));
}
Console.WriteLine();
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(sleep);
}
}
我的 Sorts.MergeSort 函数有问题。 当我正常使用它时(看一下函数中的第一个 if 条件 - 一切都完美。 但是,当我希望它切换到具有较小输入的冒泡排序(函数中的第二个 if 条件)时,它会抛出 SystemInvalidOperationException。我不知道问题出在哪里。 你看到了吗? 谢谢。 :) 备注:冒泡排序本身是有效的 - 所以这种排序应该不会有问题......
A very strange thing occured in my program. Here is the simplified code.
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ArrayList numbers = new ArrayList();
numbers.Add(1);
numbers.Add(3);
numbers.Add(4);
numbers.Add(2);
var it = Sorts.MergeSort((ArrayList)numbers.Clone());
Sorts.PrintArray(it, "mergesort");
Console.WriteLine("DONE");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
public static class Sorts
{
public static ArrayList BubbleSort(ArrayList numbers)
{
bool sorted = true;
for (int i = 0; i < numbers.Count; i++)
{
for (int j = 1; j < numbers.Count; j++)
{
if ((int)numbers[j - 1] > (int)numbers[j])
{
int tmp = (int)numbers[j - 1];
numbers[j - 1] = numbers[j];
numbers[j] = tmp;
sorted = false;
}
}
if (sorted)
{
return numbers;
}
}
return numbers;
}
public static ArrayList MergeSort(ArrayList numbers, int switchLimit = 3)
{
//if I use this if - everything works
if (numbers.Count <= 1)
{
// return numbers;
}
//the moment I use this condition - it throws SystemInvalidOperationException in function Merge in the line of a "for"-loop
if (numbers.Count <=switchLimit)
{
return Sorts.BubbleSort(numbers);
}
ArrayList ret = new ArrayList();
int middle = numbers.Count / 2;
ArrayList L = numbers.GetRange(0, middle);
ArrayList R = numbers.GetRange(middle, numbers.Count - middle);
L = MergeSort(L);
R = MergeSort(R);
return Merge(L, R);
}
private static ArrayList Merge(ArrayList L, ArrayList R)
{
ArrayList ret = new ArrayList();
int l = 0;
int r = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < L.Count + R.Count; i++)
{
if (l == L.Count)
{
ret.Add(R[r++]);
}
else if (r == R.Count)
{
ret.Add(L[l++]);
}
else if ((int)L[l] < (int)R[r])
{
ret.Add(L[l++]);
}
else
{
ret.Add(R[r++]);
}
}
return ret;
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
public static void PrintArray(ArrayList arr, string txt = "", int sleep = 0)
{
Console.WriteLine("{1}({0}): ", arr.Count, txt);
for (int i = 0; i < arr.Count; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(arr[i].ToString().PadLeft(10));
}
Console.WriteLine();
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(sleep);
}
}
There is a problem with my Sorts.MergeSort function.
When I use it normally (take a look at the first if-condition in a function - all works perfectly.
But the moment when I want it to switch to bubblesort with smaller input (the second if-condition in the function) it throws me an SystemInvalidOperationException. I have no idea where is the problem.
Do you see it?
Thanks. :)
Remark: bubblesort itself works - so there shouldn't be a problem in that sort...
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评论(2)
问题在于您使用
GetRange
:
您正在原始 ArrayList 上创建两个视图并尝试使用这两个视图 - 但是当一个视图修改基础列表时,另一个视图实际上会失效。
如果您更改代码以创建子列表的副本 - 或者如果您在指定范围内直接使用原始列表 - 那么我相信它会正常工作。
(正如评论中所述,我还强烈建议您使用通用集合。)
这是一个简短但完整的程序,它演示了您遇到的问题:
The problem is with your use of
GetRange
:You're creating two views onto the original
ArrayList
and trying to work with both of them - but when one view modifies the underlying list, the other view is effectively invalidated.If you change the code to create copies of the sublists - or if you work directly with the original list within specified bounds - then I believe it'll work fine.
(As noted in comments, I'd also strongly recommend that you use generic collections.)
Here's a short but complete program which demonstrates the problem you're running into:
在这一行
R = MergeSort(R);
中,您更改了 L 表示的数字范围。这会使 L 无效。抱歉,我必须走了,所以现在无法进一步解释。on this line
R = MergeSort(R);
you alter the range of numbers represented by L. This invalidates L. Sorry I have to go so can't explain any further now.