PHP GD 使用一张图像遮盖另一张图像，包括透明度

Question

我正在尝试创建一个获取图像的 PHP 脚本：

https://i.sstatic.net/eNvlM.png

然后应用 PNG 图像：

< img src="https://i.sstatic.net/GYHwi.png" alt="掩码">
https://i.sstatic.net/iJr2I.png

作为掩码。

最终结果需要保持透明度：

https://i.sstatic.net/u0l0I.png

如果可能的话我想做在 GD 中，ImageMagick 目前还不是一个真正的选择。

我该怎么办呢？

phalacee的帖子（在“PHP/GD，如何将一个圆从一个图像复制到另一个图像？”）似乎是正确的，但我特别需要使用图像作为蒙版，不是形状。

Answer 1

马特，

如果您使用黑色背景上的椭圆形白色填充而不是透明背景上的黑色填充来制作 png，则以下函数可以做到这一点。

<?php
// Load source and mask
$source = imagecreatefrompng( '1.png' );
$mask = imagecreatefrompng( '2.png' );
// Apply mask to source
imagealphamask( $source, $mask );
// Output
header( "Content-type: image/png");
imagepng( $source );

function imagealphamask( &$picture, $mask ) {
    // Get sizes and set up new picture
    $xSize = imagesx( $picture );
    $ySize = imagesy( $picture );
    $newPicture = imagecreatetruecolor( $xSize, $ySize );
    imagesavealpha( $newPicture, true );
    imagefill( $newPicture, 0, 0, imagecolorallocatealpha( $newPicture, 0, 0, 0, 127 ) );

    // Resize mask if necessary
    if( $xSize != imagesx( $mask ) || $ySize != imagesy( $mask ) ) {
        $tempPic = imagecreatetruecolor( $xSize, $ySize );
        imagecopyresampled( $tempPic, $mask, 0, 0, 0, 0, $xSize, $ySize, imagesx( $mask ), imagesy( $mask ) );
        imagedestroy( $mask );
        $mask = $tempPic;
    }

    // Perform pixel-based alpha map application
    for( $x = 0; $x < $xSize; $x++ ) {
        for( $y = 0; $y < $ySize; $y++ ) {
            $alpha = imagecolorsforindex( $mask, imagecolorat( $mask, $x, $y ) );
            $alpha = 127 - floor( $alpha[ 'red' ] / 2 );
            $color = imagecolorsforindex( $picture, imagecolorat( $picture, $x, $y ) );
            imagesetpixel( $newPicture, $x, $y, imagecolorallocatealpha( $newPicture, $color[ 'red' ], $color[ 'green' ], $color[ 'blue' ], $alpha ) );
        }
    }

    // Copy back to original picture
    imagedestroy( $picture );
    $picture = $newPicture;
}

?>

Answer 2

这是对该脚本的一点升级 - 我发现如果源图像本身具有透明度，则蒙版（使用上面的脚本）会绘制后像素而不是源图像的透明像素。下面的扩展脚本考虑了源图像透明度并保留它。

// Load source and mask
$source = imagecreatefrompng( '1.png' );
$mask = imagecreatefrompng( '2.png' );
// Apply mask to source
imagealphamask( $source, $mask );
// Output
header( "Content-type: image/png");
imagepng( $source );

function imagealphamask( &$picture, $mask ) {
// Get sizes and set up new picture
$xSize = imagesx( $picture );
$ySize = imagesy( $picture );
$newPicture = imagecreatetruecolor( $xSize, $ySize );
imagesavealpha( $newPicture, true );
imagefill( $newPicture, 0, 0, imagecolorallocatealpha( $newPicture, 0, 0, 0, 127 ) );

// Resize mask if necessary
if( $xSize != imagesx( $mask ) || $ySize != imagesy( $mask ) ) {
    $tempPic = imagecreatetruecolor( $xSize, $ySize );
    imagecopyresampled( $tempPic, $mask, 0, 0, 0, 0, $xSize, $ySize, imagesx( $mask ), imagesy( $mask ) );
    imagedestroy( $mask );
    $mask = $tempPic;
}

// Perform pixel-based alpha map application
for( $x = 0; $x < $xSize; $x++ ) {
    for( $y = 0; $y < $ySize; $y++ ) {
        $alpha = imagecolorsforindex( $mask, imagecolorat( $mask, $x, $y ) );

            if(($alpha['red'] == 0) && ($alpha['green'] == 0) && ($alpha['blue'] == 0) && ($alpha['alpha'] == 0))
            {
                // It's a black part of the mask
                imagesetpixel( $newPicture, $x, $y, imagecolorallocatealpha( $newPicture, 0, 0, 0, 127 ) ); // Stick a black, but totally transparent, pixel in.
            }
            else
            {

                // Check the alpha state of the corresponding pixel of the image we're dealing with.    
                $alphaSource = imagecolorsforindex( $source, imagecolorat( $source, $x, $y ) );

                if(($alphaSource['alpha'] == 127))
                {
                    imagesetpixel( $newPicture, $x, $y, imagecolorallocatealpha( $newPicture, 0, 0, 0, 127 ) ); // Stick a black, but totally transparent, pixel in.
                } 
                else
                {
                    $color = imagecolorsforindex( $source, imagecolorat( $source, $x, $y ) );
                    imagesetpixel( $newPicture, $x, $y, imagecolorallocatealpha( $newPicture, $color[ 'red' ], $color[ 'green' ], $color[ 'blue' ], $color['alpha'] ) ); // Stick the pixel from the source image in
                }


            }
    }
}

// Copy back to original picture
imagedestroy( $picture );
$picture = $newPicture;
}

Answer 3

我喜欢你的脚本，当像素完全透明时删除额外的颜色信息是个好主意。如果有人想使用这种方法，我应该指出一个小错误（IMO）。

$color = imagecolorsforindex( $source, imagecolorat( $source, $x, $y ) );

也应该是，

$color = imagecolorsforindex( $picture, imagecolorat( $picture, $x, $y ) );

如果像素是 100% 透明，我也不是 100% 确定为什么要在此处检查 RGB 值

if(($alpha['red'] == 0) && ($alpha['green'] == 0) && ($alpha['blue'] == 0) && ($alpha['alpha'] == 0))
...

，并且我不确定遮罩文件中的 alpha 混合是否适合您的方法，因为它仅在 rgba 时使用值全部等于 0。

Jules 的脚本也非常好，尽管它期望蒙版是蒙版的灰度表示（这是很常见的做法）。

在 Matt 的查询中，他需要一个脚本，该脚本仅从现有图像中获取 Alpha 透明度并将其应用到另一个图像。这是 Jules 脚本的一个简单模型，只是为了从蒙版图像中获取 Alpha，并保留源图像的 Alpha。

<?php
// Load source and mask
$source = imagecreatefrompng( '1.png' );
$mask = imagecreatefrompng( '2.png' );
// Apply mask to source
imagealphamask( $source, $mask );
// Output
header( "Content-type: image/png");
imagepng( $source );

function imagealphamask( &$picture, $mask ) {
    // Get sizes and set up new picture
    $xSize = imagesx( $picture );
    $ySize = imagesy( $picture );
    $newPicture = imagecreatetruecolor( $xSize, $ySize );
    imagesavealpha( $newPicture, true );
    imagefill( $newPicture, 0, 0, imagecolorallocatealpha( $newPicture, 0, 0, 0, 127 ) );

    // Resize mask if necessary
    if( $xSize != imagesx( $mask ) || $ySize != imagesy( $mask ) ) {
        $tempPic = imagecreatetruecolor( $xSize, $ySize );
        imagecopyresampled( $tempPic, $mask, 0, 0, 0, 0, $xSize, $ySize, imagesx( $mask ), imagesy( $mask ) );
        imagedestroy( $mask );
        $mask = $tempPic;
    }

    // Perform pixel-based alpha map application
    for( $x = 0; $x < $xSize; $x++ ) {
        for( $y = 0; $y < $ySize; $y++ ) {
            $alpha = imagecolorsforindex( $mask, imagecolorat( $mask, $x, $y ) );
            //small mod to extract alpha, if using a black(transparent) and white
            //mask file instead change the following line back to Jules's original:
            //$alpha = 127 - floor($alpha['red'] / 2);
            //or a white(transparent) and black mask file:
            //$alpha = floor($alpha['red'] / 2);
            $alpha = $alpha['alpha'];
            $color = imagecolorsforindex( $picture, imagecolorat( $picture, $x, $y ) );
            //preserve alpha by comparing the two values
            if ($color['alpha'] > $alpha)
                $alpha = $color['alpha'];
            //kill data for fully transparent pixels
            if ($alpha == 127) {
                $color['red'] = 0;
                $color['blue'] = 0;
                $color['green'] = 0;
            }
            imagesetpixel( $newPicture, $x, $y, imagecolorallocatealpha( $newPicture, $color[ 'red' ], $color[ 'green' ], $color[ 'blue' ], $alpha ) );
        }
    }

    // Copy back to original picture
    imagedestroy( $picture );
    $picture = $newPicture;
}

?>

Answer 4

有一个名为 WideImage 的库，支持 alpha 遮罩 http://wideimage.sourceforge.net/documentation/manipulated -图像/

Answer 5

for ($y = 0; $y < $ySize; $y++) {
  $alpha = imagecolorsforindex($mask, imagecolorat($mask, $x, $y));
  $alpha = 127 - floor($alpha['red'] / 2);
  if (127 == $alpha) {
    continue;
  }
  $color = imagecolorsforindex($picture, imagecolorat($picture, $x, $y));
  imagesetpixel($newPicture, $x, $y, imagecolorallocatealpha(
    $newPicture, $color['red'], $color['green'], $color['blue'], $alpha));
}

这里是对第一个功能的一点升级。由于您已经有了透明图像，因此无需复制遮罩像素。这会对执行有一点帮助。

Answer 6

获得类似效果的另一种方法是将 png 文件粘贴到具有唯一背景颜色的新图像上以暂时删除透明度，并将 png 图像的透明颜色设置为黑色圆圈颜色。然后，当您将其放置在 jpeg 图像上时，将新的透明颜色设置为蒙版的颜色。

// Load the Black Circle PNG image
$png = imagecreatefrompng( 'mask.png' );
$width = imagesx( $png );
$height = imagesy( $png );

// Create a mask image
$mask = imagecreatetruecolor( $width, $height );
// We'll use Magenta as our new transparent colour - set it as the solid background colour.
$magenta = imagecolorallocate( $mask, 255, 0, 255 );
imagefill( $mask, 0, 0, $magenta );

// Copy the png image onto the mask. Destroy it to free up memory.
imagecopyresampled( $mask, $png, 0, 0, 0, 0, $width, $height, $width, $height );
imagedestroy( $png );

// Set the black portion of the mask to transparent.
$black = imagecolorallocate( $mask, 0, 0, 0 );
imagecolortransparent( $mask, $black );

// Load JPEG image.
$jpg = imagecreatefromjpeg( 'image.jpg' );
$j_width = imagesx( $jpg );
$j_height = imagesx( $jpg );

// Enable alpha blending and copy the png image
imagealphablending( $jpg, true );
imagecopyresampled( $jpg, $mask, 0, 0, 0, 0, $j_width, $j_height, $width, $height );
imagedestroy( $mask );

// Set the new transparent colour and output new image to browser as a png.
$magenta = imagecolorallocate( $jpg, 255, 0, 255 );
imagecolortransparent( $jpg, $magenta );
imagepng( $jpg );

如果重新采样或半透明像素让您感到沮丧，您可以禁用混合并在 $mask 图像上绘制透明形状，而不是使用 png 作为遮罩。

// Load JPEG Image.
$jpg = imagecreatefromjpeg( 'image.jpg' );
$width = imagesx( $jpg );
$height = imagesx( $jpg );

// Create mask at same size with an opaque background.
$mask = imagecreatetruecolor( $width, $height );
$magenta = imagecolorallocate( $mask, 255, 0, 255 );
imagefill( $mask, 0, 0, $magenta );

// Disable alpha blending and draw a transparent shape onto the mask.
$transparent = imagecolorallocatealpha( $mask, 255, 255, 255, 127 );
imagealphablending( $mask, false );
imagefilledellipse( $mask, round( $width / 2 ), round( $height / 2 ), $width, $height, $transparent );

// Paste the mask onto the original image and set the new transparent colour.
imagealphablending( $jpg, true );
imagecopyresampled( $jpg, $mask, 0, 0, 0, 0, $width, $height, $width, $height );
imagedestroy( $mask );
$magenta = imagecolorallocate( $jpg, 255, 0, 255 );
imagecolortransparent( $jpg, $magenta );

// Output new image to browser as a png.
imagepng( $jpg );

注意：上面的代码未经测试，但应该可以满足您的需要。