SQL查找多个重叠间隔所经过的时间

Question

不使用 MSSQL、DB2 或 Oracle。 无热膨胀系数。 没有 OVERLAP 谓词。 无 INTERVAL 数据类型。 情况：待修车辆上工作无法开始 为该工作订购的所有零件均已收到。 在开始维修之前，可以多次订购零件。 我们需要提取车辆处于“零件保留”状态的时间，

因此对于标识为 id = 1 的车辆 零件在 4 个不同的场合订购 (d1) 和接收 (d2)

    ID     d1     d2
     1     8/1    8/8
     1     8/2    8/6
     1     8/12   8/14
     1     8/3    8/10

 8/1                             8/8
  d1                              d2   
  |-------------------------------|  
         8/2             8/6                    8/12      8/14                  
         d1               d2                     d1        d2     
          |---------------|                      |----------|    
                   8/3                 8/10
                   d1                    d2
                   |---------------------|   
 8/1                                                       8/14
  |---------------------------------------------------------|  = 13 days
                                        8/10    8/12
  |--------------------------------------|    +  |----------|  = parts hold  = 11 days

从上图可以看出，开始工作的等待时间（假设 8/1 为 车辆可用于工作的日期）为 13 天。 实际等待零件的时间是11天，这个数字 我们需要从数据中得出。 实际的日期时间数据将是我们将从中提取小时数的时间戳， 为了简化演示，我们在此示例数据中使用了日期。 我们正在努力生成一个基于集合（不是 psm、不是 udf、不是游标）的解决方案。 TIA

Answer 1

我无法让@Alex W 的查询正常工作。它不是标准 SQL，因此需要大量重写才能与 SQL Server 兼容（我可以测试）。但它确实给了我一些启发，我对此进行了扩展。

---

查找每个不间断等待时间段的所有起点：

SELECT DISTINCT
    t1.ID,
    t1.d1 AS date,
    -DATEDIFF(DAY, (SELECT MIN(d1) FROM Orders), t1.d1) AS n
FROM Orders t1
LEFT JOIN Orders t2                   -- Join for any events occurring while this
    ON t2.ID = t1.ID                  -- is starting. If this is a start point,
    AND t2.d1 <> t1.d1                -- it won't match anything, which is what
    AND t1.d1 BETWEEN t2.d1 AND t2.d2 -- we want.
GROUP BY t1.ID, t1.d1, t1.d2
HAVING COUNT(t2.ID) = 0

终点的等效值：

SELECT DISTINCT
    t1.ID,
    t1.d2 AS date,
    DATEDIFF(DAY, (SELECT MIN(d1) FROM Orders), t1.d2) AS n
FROM Orders t1
LEFT JOIN Orders t2
    ON t2.ID = t1.ID
    AND t2.d2 <> t1.d2
    AND t1.d2 BETWEEN t2.d1 AND t2.d2
GROUP BY t1.ID, t1.d1, t1.d2
HAVING COUNT(t2.ID) = 0

n 是自某个公共时间点以来的天数。起点具有负值，终点具有正值。这样我们就可以将它们相加以获得中间的天数。

span = end - start
span = end + (-start)
span1 + span2 = end1 + (-start1) + end2 + (-start2)

最后，我们只需要添加内容：

SELECT ID, SUM(n) AS hold_days
FROM (
   SELECT DISTINCT
       t1.id,
       t1.d1 AS date,
       -DATEDIFF(DAY, (SELECT MIN(d1) FROM Orders), t1.d1)  AS n
   FROM Orders t1
   LEFT JOIN Orders t2
      ON t2.ID = t1.ID
      AND t2.d1 <> t1.d1
      AND t1.d1 BETWEEN t2.d1 AND t2.d2
   GROUP BY t1.ID, t1.d1, t1.d2
   HAVING COUNT(t2.ID) = 0
   UNION ALL
   SELECT DISTINCT
       t1.id,
       t1.d2 AS date,
       DATEDIFF(DAY, (SELECT MIN(d1) FROM Orders), t1.d2) AS n
   FROM Orders t1
   LEFT JOIN Orders t2
      ON t2.ID = t1.ID
      AND t2.d2 <> t1.d2
      AND t1.d2 BETWEEN t2.d1 AND t2.d2
   GROUP BY t1.ID, t1.d1, t1.d2
   HAVING COUNT(t2.ID) = 0
   ORDER BY ID, date
) s
GROUP BY ID;

输入表（订单）：

ID   d1           d2
 1   2011-08-01   2011-08-08
 1   2011-08-02   2011-08-06
 1   2011-08-03   2011-08-10
 1   2011-08-12   2011-08-14
 2   2011-08-01   2011-08-03
 2   2011-08-02   2011-08-06
 2   2011-08-05   2011-08-09

输出：

ID   hold_days
 1          11
 2           8

---

或者，您可以使用存储过程来完成此操作。

CREATE PROCEDURE CalculateHoldTimes
    @ID int = 0
AS
BEGIN
    DECLARE Events CURSOR FOR
    SELECT *
    FROM (
        SELECT d1 AS date, 1 AS diff
        FROM Orders
        WHERE ID = @ID
        UNION ALL
        SELECT d2 AS date, -1 AS diff
        FROM Orders
        WHERE ID = @ID
    ) s
    ORDER BY date;

    DECLARE @Events_date date,
            @Events_diff int,
            @Period_start date,
            @Period_accum int,
            @Total_start date,
            @Total_count int;

    OPEN Events;

    FETCH NEXT FROM Events
    INTO @Events_date, @Events_diff;

    SET @Period_start = @Events_date;
    SET @Period_accum = 0;
    SET @Total_start = @Events_date;
    SET @Total_count = 0;

    WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
    BEGIN
        SET @Period_accum = @Period_accum + @Events_diff;

        IF @Period_accum = 1 AND @Events_diff = 1
            -- Start of period
            SET @Period_start = @Events_date;
        ELSE IF @Period_accum = 0 AND @Events_diff = -1
            -- End of period
            SET @Total_count = @Total_count +
                DATEDIFF(day, @Period_start, @Events_date);

        FETCH NEXT FROM Events
        INTO @Events_date, @Events_diff;
    END;

    SELECT
        @Total_start AS d1,
        @Events_date AS d2,
        @Total_count AS hold_time;
END;

调用它：

EXEC CalculateHoldTimes 1;

Answer 2

这个SQL语句似乎得到了你想要的（t是样本表的表名）：

SELECT
   d.id, 
   d.duration, 
   d.duration - 
   IFNULL(
      ( SELECT Sum( timestampdiff( SQL_TSI_DAY, 
                                   no_hold.d2, 
                                   ( SELECT min(d1) FROM t t4 
                                     WHERE t4.id = no_hold.id and t4.d1 > no_hold.d2 )))
        FROM ( SELECT DISTINCT id, d2 FROM t t1 
               WHERE ( SELECT sum( IIF( t1.d2 between t2.d1 and t2.d2, 1, 0 ) ) 
                       FROM t t2 WHERE t2.id = t1.id and t2.d2 <> t1.d2 ) = 0 
             And d2 <> ( select max( d2 ) from t t3 where t3.id = t1.id )) no_hold
        WHERE no_hold.id = d.id ),
      0 ) "parts hold"
FROM 
   ( SELECT id, timestampdiff( SQL_TSI_DAY, min( d1 ), max( d2 ) ) duration
     FROM t GROUP BY id ) d

外部查询得到了修复工作的持续时间。复杂子查询计算不等待零件的总天数。这是通过找到车辆不等待零件的开始日期，然后计算直到再次开始等待零件的天数来完成的：

// 1) The query for finding the starting dates when the vehicle is not waiting for parts, 
// i.e. finding all d2 that is not within any date range where the vehicle is waiting for part.
// The DISTINCT is needed to removed duplicate starting "no hold" period.

SELECT DISTINCT id, d2 
FROM t t1
WHERE ( SELECT sum( IIF( t1.d2 between t2.d1 and t2.d2, 1, 0 ) ) from t t2 
        WHERE t2.id = t1.id and t2.d2 <> t1.d2 ) = 0 AND 
      d2 <> ( SELECT max( d2 ) FROM t t3 WHERE t3.id = t1.id ) )

// 2) 车辆不等待零件的天数是日期从上面的查询直到车辆再次等待零件

timestampdiff( SQL_TSI_DAY, no_hold.d2, ( SELECT min(d1) FROM t t4 WHERE t4.id = no_hold.id and t4.d1 > no_hold.d2 ) )

将以上两者结合起来并汇总所有此类时间段即可得出车辆不等待零件的天数。最终查询添加了一个额外的条件来计算外部查询中每个 id 的结果。

对于具有许多 id 的非常大的表来说，这可能不是非常有效。如果 id 限制为一个或几个应该没问题。

Answer 3

USE [DnnMasterShoraSystem]
GO
/****** Object:  StoredProcedure [dbo].[CalculateHoldTimes]    Script Date: 12/8/2014 1:36:12 PM ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[CalculateHoldTimes]
    @PID int    
AS
BEGIN      
CREATE TABLE #tblTemp(
    [ID] [int] NOT NULL,
    [PID] [int] NOT NULL,
    [BID] [int] NOT NULL,
    [Active] [bit] NULL,
    [WorkStartDate] [nvarchar](10) NULL,
    [WorkEndDate] [nvarchar](10) NULL,
    [jobStateID] [int] NULL,
    [RegisterType] [int] NULL,
    [RegisterState] [int] NULL,
    [En_time] [datetime] NULL,
    [Fa_time] [nvarchar](40) NULL,
    [Status] [nvarchar](100) NULL,
    [PortalId] [int] NULL,
    [ModuleId] [int] NULL,
    [UserId] [int] NULL,
    [BrName] [nvarchar](150) NULL,
    [BrCode] [nvarchar](20) NULL,
    [WorkEndDate_New] [nvarchar](10) NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]

insert into #tblTemp
select * from [dbo].[Shora.Personel_Branch_Copy] 
        where WorkStartDate is not null 
        --and [dbo].[ShamsiToMiladi](WorkStartDate) <GETDATE() 
        --and [dbo].[ShamsiToMiladi](WorkEndDate) <GETDATE() 
        and PID=@PID
        --and [dbo].[ShamsiToMiladi](WorkEndDate)<[dbo].[ShamsiToMiladi](@NewDate)
        order by WorkStartDate

DECLARE Events CURSOR FOR
    SELECT [dbo].[ShamsiToMiladi](WorkStartDate) AS StartDate,[dbo].[ShamsiToMiladi](WorkEndDate) AS EndDate
        FROM #tblTemp        
    ORDER BY StartDate;

--drop table #tblTemp

    DECLARE @SDate date,
            @EDate date,
            @Period_Start date,
            @Period_End date,
            @Total int,
            @OldSDate date,
            @OldEDate date


    OPEN Events;

    FETCH NEXT FROM Events
    INTO @SDate, @EDate;

    set @Total=0
    SET @Period_Start =@SDate
    set @Period_End=@EDate

    WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
    BEGIN      
    if @OldSDate>@Period_End
        begin
            set @Period_Start=@SDate            

            if @Period_End>=@Period_Start
            set @Total+=DATEDIFF(DAY,@Period_Start,@Period_End)
        end
    else if @SDate<@Period_End
        begin       
        set @Period_Start=@Period_Start     
            set @Total=DATEDIFF(DAY,@Period_Start,@Period_End)
        end

        set @OldSDate=@SDate 
        set @OldEDate=@EDate

        FETCH NEXT FROM Events
        INTO @SDate, @EDate;

        if  @Period_End<@EDate
        set @Period_End=@EDate

    END;

INSERT INTO [dbo].[PersonelDays]
           (PID
           ,[Total_Start]
           ,[Total_End]
           ,[Total_count])
     VALUES
           (@PID,           
            @Period_Start,
            @Period_End,
            @Total
           )

drop table #tblTemp
CLOSE Events
DEALLOCATE Events
END;