4 维游戏渲染优化

Question

最近我开始编写一个C++版本的贪食蛇4d游戏（游戏解释< /a>，游戏的 C++/openGL 版本）。我真的是一个编程初学者......所以每一条评论，甚至是对编程风格的评论都值得赞赏。

“蛇”吃掉 (6) 个立方体后，我的帧丢失了。
游戏逻辑背后的事实是，蛇存储在一个名为snake.p_list的向量中，每次蛇与食物碰撞（在程序cibo中称为），它都会向p_list添加一个新对象。 可能是游戏引擎的原因？或者您对导致丢帧的原因有其他想法？您知道如何使这些功能看起来更好吗？

好的，我运行了探查器...并且： 应用程序配置文件：

• 23.0% 23.0% GeForceGLDriver glrCompExecuteKernel
• 19.3% 19.3% GeForceGLDriver gldCopyTexSubImage
• 5.4% 5.4% GeForceGLDriver gldFinish
• 5.3% 5.3% GLEngine gleUpdateLightRGBASumsUnconditional
• 3.9% 3.9% GLEngine gleUpdateDeferredState
• 2.1% 2.1% GLEngine gleGetVertexSubmitFuncObjectAndKey
• 2.1% 2.1% GeForceGLDriver gldUpdateDispatch
• 1.8% 1.8% 4dimensions MyGLBox::paintGL()

可能是绘图函数:(

绘图函数:

for(p = p_list.begin();p != p_list.end(); p++){
    Polygon4 p1 = *p;

    if(prj == PRJ_2D){
        //parameters to project in 2d
        double angle = PI/4;
        double Cx = 0.;
        double Lx = 50./2;
        double p_cam = 10.;
        //actually simply fits...
        for(int i = 0; i < 32; ++i){
            V4 v1_2d = p1.v_list[p1.e_list[i].e[0]];
            V4 v2_2d = p1.v_list[p1.e_list[i].e[1]];

            double x1 = Cx + (Lx*v1_2d[c_i])/(p_cam*2*tan(angle));
            double y1 = Cx + (Lx*v1_2d[c_j])/(p_cam*2*tan(angle));
            double x2 = Cx + (Lx*v2_2d[c_i])/(p_cam*2*tan(angle));
            double y2 = Cx + (Lx*v2_2d[c_j])/(p_cam*2*tan(angle));

            float mat_specular[] ={0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1};
            glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular);

            GLfloat mat_shininess[] = { 0 };
            glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, mat_shininess);

            GLfloat mat_color[] = {p1.color.r,p1.color.g,p1.color.b,0.5};
            glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE, mat_color);

            glBegin(GL_LINES);
            glVertex3f(x1,y1,0.);
            glVertex3f(x2,y2,0.);
            glEnd();


        }
    }

    else{

        for(vertex = p1.v_list.begin(); vertex != p1.v_list.end(); vertex++){
            v3d = cam.prj_p(*vertex);
            tesseract_prj.v_list.push_back(v3d);
        }
        tesseract_prj.e_list = p1.e_list;
        tesseract_prj.f_list = p1.f_list;

        //edges render
        for(int i = 0; i <32; ++i){
            V3 v1 = tesseract_prj.v_list[tesseract_prj.e_list[i].e[0]];
            V3 v2 = tesseract_prj.v_list[tesseract_prj.e_list[i].e[1]];
            float mat_specular[] ={0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1};

          glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular);

            GLfloat mat_shininess[] = { 0 };
            glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, mat_shininess);

            GLfloat mat_color[] = {0.0,0.0,0.0,1.};
            glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE, mat_color);

            glBegin(GL_LINES);
            glVertex3f(v1[0],v1[1],v1[2]);
            glVertex3f(v2[0],v2[1],v2[2]);
            glEnd();
        }
        //faces render

        for(int i = 0; i<24; ++i){
            V3 v1 = tesseract_prj.v_list[tesseract_prj.f_list[i].f[0]];
            V3 v2 = tesseract_prj.v_list[tesseract_prj.f_list[i].f[1]];
            V3 v3 = tesseract_prj.v_list[tesseract_prj.f_list[i].f[2]];
            V3 v4 = tesseract_prj.v_list[tesseract_prj.f_list[i].f[3]];

            GLfloat mat_color[] = {p1.color.r,p1.color.g,p1.color.b,0.5};
            glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE, mat_color);

            glBegin(GL_QUADS);
            glVertex3f(v1[0],v1[1],v1[2]);
            glVertex3f(v2[0],v2[1],v2[2]);
            glVertex3f(v3[0],v3[1],v3[2]);
            glVertex3f(v4[0],v4[1],v4[2]);
            glEnd();
        }
        tesseract_prj.e_list.clear();
        tesseract_prj.v_list.clear();
    }

Answer 1

如果循环中每个元素的材质属性没有改变，您可以这样做：

float mat_specular[] ={0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1};
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular);

GLfloat mat_shininess[] = { 0 };
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, mat_shininess);

GLfloat mat_color[] = {0.0,0.0,0.0,1.};
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE, mat_color);

glBegin(GL_LINES);
    for(int i = 0; i <32; ++i)
    {
        glVertex3f(v1[0],v1[1],v1[2]); //note: drawing multiple lines with one
        glVertex3f(v2[0],v2[1],v2[2]); //glBegin/glEnd pair will be much faster
    }
glEnd();

使用 glColorMaterial 也可能比 glMaterialfv 更快：

glColorMaterial(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE);
glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL); //now  ambient and diffuse is set by glColor4f()

glBegin(GL_QUADS);
for(int i = 0; i<24; ++i)
{
    glColor4f(r,g,b,0.5);
    glVertex3f(v1[0],v1[1],v1[2]);
    glVertex3f(v2[0],v2[1],v2[2]);
    glVertex3f(v3[0],v3[1],v3[2]);
    glVertex3f(v4[0],v4[1],v4[2]);
}
glEnd();

glDisable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL);//now use glMaterialfv() for ambient and diffuse (optional)

此外，这可以让您更改每个四边形（甚至每个顶点）的颜色，但仅使用一个 glBegin (GL_QUADS) / glEnd() 对而不是 24 个（这可能会产生很大的速度差异）。此外，如果所有四边形的颜色相同，您可以将对 glColor4f() 的调用放在循环之外。