通过管道输入到脚本,然后从用户获取输入

发布于 2024-11-30 14:02:43 字数 666 浏览 1 评论 0原文

假设我想将输入通过管道传输到 Python 程序,然后在命令行上从用户那里获取输入。

echo http://example.com/image.jpg | python solve_captcha.py

solve_captcha.py 的内容为:

import sys 
image_url = sys.stdin.readline()

# Download and open the captcha...

captcha = raw_input("Solve this captcha:")
# do some processing...

上面将触发 EOFError: EOF when read a line 错误。

我还尝试添加 sys.stdin.close() 行,这会提示 ValueError: I/O 操作已关闭的文件

您可以将信息通过管道传输到 stdin,然后从用户那里获取输入吗?

注意:这是一个精简的、简化的示例 - 请不要回答说“为什么你想在第一种情况下这样做”,这真的很令人沮丧。我只是想知道是否可以将信息通过管道传输到 stdin,然后提示用户输入。

Let's say I want to pipe input to a Python program, and then later get input from the user, on the command line.

echo http://example.com/image.jpg | python solve_captcha.py

and the contents of solve_captcha.py are:

import sys 
image_url = sys.stdin.readline()

# Download and open the captcha...

captcha = raw_input("Solve this captcha:")
# do some processing...

The above will trigger a EOFError: EOF when reading a line error.

I also tried adding a sys.stdin.close() line, which prompted a ValueError: I/O operation on closed file.

Can you pipe information to stdin and then later get input from the user?

Note: This is a stripped down, simplified example - please don't respond by saying "why do you want to do that in the first case," it's really frustrating. I just want to know whether you can pipe information to stdin and then later prompt the user for input.

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超可爱的懒熊 2024-12-07 14:02:44

这是为了模拟 raw_input(),因为我遇到了和你一样的问题。整个 stdinclear 丑陋只是为了让它看起来更漂亮。这样您就可以看到您正在输入的内容。

def getInputFromKeyPress(promptStr=""):

    if(len(promptStr)>0):
        print promptStr
    """
    Gets input from keypress until enter is pressed
    """

    def clear(currStr):
        beeString, clr="",""

        for i in range(0,len(currStr)):
            clr=clr+" "
            beeString=beeString+"\b"

        stdout.write(beeString)
        stdout.write(clr)
        stdout.write(beeString)


    from msvcrt import kbhit, getch
    from sys import stdout
    resultString, userInput="", ""

    while(userInput!=13):
        if (kbhit()):
            charG=getch()
            userInput= ord(charG)

            if(userInput==8):#backspace
                resultString=resultString[:-1]
                clear(resultString)


            elif(userInput!=13):
                resultString="".join([resultString,charG])

            clear(resultString)
            stdout.write(resultString)

            if(userInput==13):
                clear(resultString)

    #print "\nResult:",resultString

    return resultString.strip()

Made this up to emulate raw_input(), since I had the same problem as you. The whole stdin and clear ugliness is simply to make it look pretty. So that you can see what you are typing.

def getInputFromKeyPress(promptStr=""):

    if(len(promptStr)>0):
        print promptStr
    """
    Gets input from keypress until enter is pressed
    """

    def clear(currStr):
        beeString, clr="",""

        for i in range(0,len(currStr)):
            clr=clr+" "
            beeString=beeString+"\b"

        stdout.write(beeString)
        stdout.write(clr)
        stdout.write(beeString)


    from msvcrt import kbhit, getch
    from sys import stdout
    resultString, userInput="", ""

    while(userInput!=13):
        if (kbhit()):
            charG=getch()
            userInput= ord(charG)

            if(userInput==8):#backspace
                resultString=resultString[:-1]
                clear(resultString)


            elif(userInput!=13):
                resultString="".join([resultString,charG])

            clear(resultString)
            stdout.write(resultString)

            if(userInput==13):
                clear(resultString)

    #print "\nResult:",resultString

    return resultString.strip()
难忘№最初的完美 2024-12-07 14:02:44

我更新了@Bob的答案以支持删除、ctrl + [左、右、home、end]按键,并简化了标准输出清除和重写。

def keypress_input(prompt_str=""):
    """
    Gets input from keypress using `msvcrt` until enter is pressed.
    Tries to emulate raw_input() so that it can be used with piping.
    :param prompt_str: optional string to print before getting input
    :type prompt_str: str
    """
    from re import finditer
    from msvcrt import getch
    from sys import stdout

    # print even if empty to create new line so that previous line won't be overwritten if it exists
    print prompt_str

    user_input = ""
    curr_chars = []
    cursor_pos = 0

    backspace = 8
    enter = 13

    escape_code = 224
    delete = 83
    left = 75
    right = 77
    home = 71
    end = 79
    ctrl_left = 115
    ctrl_right = 116
    ctrl_home = 119
    ctrl_end = 117

    while user_input != enter:
        char_g = getch()
        user_input = ord(char_g)
        prev_len = len(curr_chars)  # track length for clearing stdout since length of curr_chars might change

        if user_input == backspace:
            if len(curr_chars) > 0 and cursor_pos <= len(curr_chars):
                cursor_pos -= 1
                curr_chars.pop(cursor_pos)

        elif user_input == escape_code:
            user_input = ord(getch())

            if user_input == delete:
                curr_chars.pop(cursor_pos)

            elif user_input == left:
                cursor_pos -= 1

            elif user_input == right:
                if cursor_pos < len(curr_chars):
                    cursor_pos += 1

            elif user_input == home:
                cursor_pos = 0

            elif user_input == end:
                cursor_pos = len(curr_chars)

            elif user_input == ctrl_home:
                curr_chars = curr_chars[cursor_pos:]
                cursor_pos = 0

            elif user_input == ctrl_end:
                curr_chars = curr_chars[:cursor_pos]
                cursor_pos = len(curr_chars)

            elif user_input == ctrl_left:
                try:
                    chars_left_of_cursor = "".join(curr_chars[:cursor_pos])
                    left_closest_space_char_index = [m.span()[0] for m in finditer(" \w", chars_left_of_cursor)][-1]
                    pos_diff = cursor_pos - left_closest_space_char_index - 1
                    cursor_pos -= pos_diff
                except IndexError:
                    cursor_pos = 0

            elif user_input == ctrl_right:
                try:
                    chars_right_of_cursor = "".join(curr_chars[cursor_pos + 1:])
                    right_closest_space_char_index = [m.span()[0] for m in finditer(" \w", chars_right_of_cursor)][0]
                    cursor_pos += right_closest_space_char_index + 2
                except IndexError:
                    cursor_pos = len(curr_chars) - 1

        elif user_input != enter:
            if cursor_pos > len(curr_chars) - 1:
                curr_chars.append(char_g)
            else:
                curr_chars.insert(cursor_pos, char_g)
            cursor_pos += 1

        # clear entire line, write contents of curr_chars, reposition cursor
        stdout.write("\r" + prev_len * " " + "\r")
        stdout.write("".join(curr_chars))
        pos_diff = len(curr_chars) - cursor_pos
        stdout.write("\b" * pos_diff)

    stdout.write("\r" + len(curr_chars) * " " + "\r")
    stdout.write("".join(curr_chars) + "\n")

    return "".join(curr_chars)

I updated @Bob's answer to support delete, ctrl + [left, right, home, end] keypresses and simplified the stdout clearing and rewriting.

def keypress_input(prompt_str=""):
    """
    Gets input from keypress using `msvcrt` until enter is pressed.
    Tries to emulate raw_input() so that it can be used with piping.
    :param prompt_str: optional string to print before getting input
    :type prompt_str: str
    """
    from re import finditer
    from msvcrt import getch
    from sys import stdout

    # print even if empty to create new line so that previous line won't be overwritten if it exists
    print prompt_str

    user_input = ""
    curr_chars = []
    cursor_pos = 0

    backspace = 8
    enter = 13

    escape_code = 224
    delete = 83
    left = 75
    right = 77
    home = 71
    end = 79
    ctrl_left = 115
    ctrl_right = 116
    ctrl_home = 119
    ctrl_end = 117

    while user_input != enter:
        char_g = getch()
        user_input = ord(char_g)
        prev_len = len(curr_chars)  # track length for clearing stdout since length of curr_chars might change

        if user_input == backspace:
            if len(curr_chars) > 0 and cursor_pos <= len(curr_chars):
                cursor_pos -= 1
                curr_chars.pop(cursor_pos)

        elif user_input == escape_code:
            user_input = ord(getch())

            if user_input == delete:
                curr_chars.pop(cursor_pos)

            elif user_input == left:
                cursor_pos -= 1

            elif user_input == right:
                if cursor_pos < len(curr_chars):
                    cursor_pos += 1

            elif user_input == home:
                cursor_pos = 0

            elif user_input == end:
                cursor_pos = len(curr_chars)

            elif user_input == ctrl_home:
                curr_chars = curr_chars[cursor_pos:]
                cursor_pos = 0

            elif user_input == ctrl_end:
                curr_chars = curr_chars[:cursor_pos]
                cursor_pos = len(curr_chars)

            elif user_input == ctrl_left:
                try:
                    chars_left_of_cursor = "".join(curr_chars[:cursor_pos])
                    left_closest_space_char_index = [m.span()[0] for m in finditer(" \w", chars_left_of_cursor)][-1]
                    pos_diff = cursor_pos - left_closest_space_char_index - 1
                    cursor_pos -= pos_diff
                except IndexError:
                    cursor_pos = 0

            elif user_input == ctrl_right:
                try:
                    chars_right_of_cursor = "".join(curr_chars[cursor_pos + 1:])
                    right_closest_space_char_index = [m.span()[0] for m in finditer(" \w", chars_right_of_cursor)][0]
                    cursor_pos += right_closest_space_char_index + 2
                except IndexError:
                    cursor_pos = len(curr_chars) - 1

        elif user_input != enter:
            if cursor_pos > len(curr_chars) - 1:
                curr_chars.append(char_g)
            else:
                curr_chars.insert(cursor_pos, char_g)
            cursor_pos += 1

        # clear entire line, write contents of curr_chars, reposition cursor
        stdout.write("\r" + prev_len * " " + "\r")
        stdout.write("".join(curr_chars))
        pos_diff = len(curr_chars) - cursor_pos
        stdout.write("\b" * pos_diff)

    stdout.write("\r" + len(curr_chars) * " " + "\r")
    stdout.write("".join(curr_chars) + "\n")

    return "".join(curr_chars)
半衬遮猫 2024-12-07 14:02:43

这个问题没有通用的解决方案。最好的资源似乎是此邮件列表线程

基本上,通过管道连接到程序中会将程序的 stdin 连接到该管道,而不是终端。

邮件列表线程有几个相对简单的解决方案对于 *nix:

打开 /dev/tty 以替换 sys.stdin:

sys.stdin = open('/dev/tty')
a = raw_input('Prompt: ')

在运行脚本时将 stdin 重定向到另一个文件句柄,并从中读取:

sys.stdin = os.fdopen(3)
a = raw_input('Prompt: ')
$ (echo -n test | ./x.py) 3<&0

以及<一href="http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2000-March/055320.html" rel="noreferrer">使用诅咒的建议。请注意,邮件列表线程古老,因此您可能需要修改您选择的解决方案。

There isn't a general solution to this problem. The best resource seems to be this mailing list thread.

Basically, piping into a program connects the program's stdin to that pipe, rather than to the terminal.

The mailing list thread has a couple of relatively simple solutions for *nix:

Open /dev/tty to replace sys.stdin:

sys.stdin = open('/dev/tty')
a = raw_input('Prompt: ')

Redirect stdin to another file handle when you run your script, and read from that:

sys.stdin = os.fdopen(3)
a = raw_input('Prompt: ')
$ (echo -n test | ./x.py) 3<&0

as well as the suggestion to use curses. Note that the mailing list thread is ancient so you may need to modify the solution you pick.

南街九尾狐 2024-12-07 14:02:43

bash 有进程替换,它创建了一个 FIFO,您可以将其视为文件,因此

echo http://example.com/image.jpg | python solve_captcha.py

您可以使用

python solve_capcha.py <(echo http://example.com/image.jpg)

您将把solve_capcha.py 作为文件打开的第一个参数,并且我认为 sys.stdin 仍然可以读取从键盘输入。

编辑:如果您不使用 bash,则可以使用 mkfifo 在任何 POSIX 系统上完成相同的操作:

mkfifo my_pipe
echo "http://example.com/image.jpg" > my_pipe
python solve_captcha.py my_pipe

FIFO 将阻塞(等待而不关闭)输出。

bash has process substitution, which creates a FIFO, which you can treat like a file, so instead of

echo http://example.com/image.jpg | python solve_captcha.py

you can use

python solve_capcha.py <(echo http://example.com/image.jpg)

You would open first argument to solve_capcha.py as a file, and I think that sys.stdin would still be available to read input from the keyboard.

Edit: if you're not using bash, you can use mkfifo to accomplish the same thing on any POSIX system:

mkfifo my_pipe
echo "http://example.com/image.jpg" > my_pipe
python solve_captcha.py my_pipe

The FIFO will block (wait without closing) for output.

彩虹直至黑白 2024-12-07 14:02:43

您可以关闭标准输入,然后重新打开它以读取用户输入。

import sys, os

data = sys.stdin.readline()
print 'Input:', data
sys.stdin.close()
sys.stdin = os.fdopen(1)
captcha = raw_input("Solve this captcha:")
print 'Captcha', captcha

You can close stdin and then reopen it to read user input.

import sys, os

data = sys.stdin.readline()
print 'Input:', data
sys.stdin.close()
sys.stdin = os.fdopen(1)
captcha = raw_input("Solve this captcha:")
print 'Captcha', captcha
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