带有基本身份验证的 HTTPS 连接结果为“未经授权”

Question

我正在尝试按照以下方式从我的 Android/Java 源代码访问 Basecamp API ... 。

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.StatusLine;
import org.apache.http.client.ResponseHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicResponseHandler;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.webkit.WebView;

public class BCActivity extends Activity {
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();

        //final String url = "https://encrypted.google.com/webhp?hl=en"; //This url works
        final String url = "https://username:[email protected]/people.xml"; //This don't
        HttpGet http = new HttpGet(url);
        http.addHeader("Accept", "application/xml");
        http.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml"); 

        try {

            //  HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(http);

            StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
            System.out.println("statusLine : "+ statusLine.toString()); 

            ResponseHandler <String> res = new BasicResponseHandler();  

            String strResponse = httpClient.execute(http, res);
            System.out.println("________**_________________________\n"+strResponse);
            System.out.println("\n________**_________________________\n");

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        }

        WebView myWebView = (WebView) this.findViewById(R.id.webView);
        myWebView.loadUrl(url);//Here it works and displays XML response

    }
}

此 URL 在 WebView 中显示响应，但当我尝试通过 HttpClient 访问时显示未经授权的异常，如上所示

这是通过 Android/Java 访问 Basecamp API 的正确方法吗？ 或者 请为我提供正确的方法。

Answer 1

HttpClient 无法从 URI 获取登录信用。
你必须用指定的方法给他们。

如果您使用 HttpClient 4.x，请查看以下内容：
http://hc.apache.org/httpcomponents-client-ga /tutorial/html/authentication.html

但请注意，如果您不想在 HttpClient 上使用新版本（Android 使用 3.x 版本），您应该查看此处：< br>
http://hc.apache.org/httpclient-3.x/authentication.html

这就是理论，现在我们使用它们：
基本上我们使用HTTP，但如果您想使用HTTPS，则必须编辑以下赋值new HttpHost("www.google.com", 80, "http") 到 new HttpHost("www.google.com", 443, "https")。

此外，您必须根据您的问题编辑主机 (www.google.com)。
注意：仅需要完整的限定域名 (FQDN)，而不需要完整的 URI。

HttpClient 3.x：

package com.test;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.auth.AuthScope;
import org.apache.http.auth.UsernamePasswordCredentials;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class Test2aActivity extends Activity {
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        try {
            HttpHost targetHost = new HttpHost("www.google.com", 80, "http");

            DefaultHttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
            try {
                // Store the user login
                httpclient.getCredentialsProvider().setCredentials(
                        new AuthScope(targetHost.getHostName(), targetHost.getPort()),
                        new UsernamePasswordCredentials("user", "password"));

                // Create request
                // You can also use the full URI http://www.google.com/
                HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("/");
                // Execute request
                HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(targetHost, httpget);

                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));
            } finally {
                httpclient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

---

HttpClient 4.x：

注意： 您将需要来自 Apache 的新 HttpClient，此外您还必须重新排列顺序，即 jar 文件位于 Android 库之前。

package com.test;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.auth.AuthScope;
import org.apache.http.auth.UsernamePasswordCredentials;
import org.apache.http.client.AuthCache;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.ClientContext;
import org.apache.http.impl.auth.BasicScheme;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicAuthCache;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.protocol.BasicHttpContext;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class TestActivity extends Activity {
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        try {
            HttpHost targetHost = new HttpHost("www.google.com", 80, "http");

            DefaultHttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
            try {
                // Store the user login
                httpclient.getCredentialsProvider().setCredentials(
                        new AuthScope(targetHost.getHostName(), targetHost.getPort()),
                        new UsernamePasswordCredentials("user", "password"));

                // Create AuthCache instance
                AuthCache authCache = new BasicAuthCache();
                // Generate BASIC scheme object and add it to the local
                // auth cache
                BasicScheme basicAuth = new BasicScheme();
                authCache.put(targetHost, basicAuth);

                // Add AuthCache to the execution context
                BasicHttpContext localcontext = new BasicHttpContext();
                localcontext.setAttribute(ClientContext.AUTH_CACHE, authCache);

                // Create request
                // You can also use the full URI http://www.google.com/
                HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("/");
                // Execute request
                HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(targetHost, httpget, localcontext);

                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));
            } finally {
                httpclient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Answer 2

最后我明白了如何粘合上面答案中显示的代码...

public static void performPost(String getUri, String xml) {

    String serverName = "*******";
    String username = "*******";
    String password = "********";
    String strResponse = null;

    try {
        HttpHost targetHost = new HttpHost(serverName, 443, "https");

        DefaultHttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
        try {
            // Store the user login
            httpclient.getCredentialsProvider().setCredentials(
                    new AuthScope(targetHost.getHostName(), targetHost.getPort()),
                    new UsernamePasswordCredentials(username, password));

            // Create AuthCache instance
            AuthCache authCache = new BasicAuthCache();
            // Generate BASIC scheme object and add it to the local
            // auth cache
            BasicScheme basicAuth = new BasicScheme();
            authCache.put(targetHost, basicAuth);

            // Add AuthCache to the execution context
            BasicHttpContext localcontext = new BasicHttpContext();
            localcontext.setAttribute(ClientContext.AUTH_CACHE, authCache);

            // Create request
            // You can also use the full URI http://www.google.com/
            HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(getUri);
            StringEntity se = new StringEntity(xml,HTTP.UTF_8);
            se.setContentType("text/xml");
            httppost.setEntity(se); 
            // Execute request
            HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(targetHost, httppost, localcontext);

            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            strResponse = EntityUtils.toString(entity);

            StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
            Log.i(TAG +": Post","statusLine : "+ statusLine.toString()); 
            Log.i(TAG +": Post","________**_________________________\n"+strResponse);
            Log.i(TAG +": Post","\n________**_________________________\n");

        } finally {
            httpclient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

}

一件非常重要的事情应该如何安排您的库以及您将需要哪些库...

来自 在这里你会找到这个库。

要在 eclipse 中添加它们（Android sdk < 16 以下）...

Project properties -> java build path -> Libraries -> Add external JARs

要在 eclipse 中按顺序排列它们...

Project properties -> java build path -> order and export

对于 Android sdk >= 16 以上，您必须将这些库放入“libs”文件夹中。

Answer 3

附录关于 CSchulz 的精彩且非常有用的答案：

在 http 客户端 4.3 中，此：

localcontext.setAttribute(ClientContext.AUTH_CACHE, authCache);

不再工作（ClientContext.AUTH_CACHE 已弃用）

使用：

import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;

并

localcontext.setAttribute(HttpClientContext.AUTH_CACHE, authCache);

参见 http://hc.apache.org/httpcomponents-client-ga/httpclient/apidocs/org/apache/http/client/protocol/ClientContext.html

和：

http://hc.apache.org/httpcomponents-client-ga/httpclient/apidocs/org/apache/http/client/protocol/HttpClientContext.html

Answer 4

如果您喜欢使用其他答案中提到的 HttpClient 4.x，您也可以
使用 httpclientandroidlib。这是一个转换后的普通 HttpClient，没有 apache.commons
并支持 Android LogCat。