Python，修改文本文件、搜索术语时出现问题

Question

我昨天在这里发布了一个问题： 查找并添加到 .kml file using python

我已经阅读了很多教程，现在对 python 有了更好的理解，这很好。但我似乎仍然无法正确地编写我的脚本。我知道我非常接近。基本上我想将一堆 jpg 添加到 .kml 文件中，该文件基本上是 google Earth 中的 .xml 。我希望我的程序在 xml 文件中找到一个 google Earth“地标”，名为： TO-XXX，

其中 XXX 与 TO-XXX.jpg 匹配。我已经有一个包含一堆 .jpg 的文件夹，其文件名与每个地标的名称相匹配。我需要程序来查找

<name> (for example <name>TO-101</name>) 

并在名称行正下方添加一行：

<description> <img src=TO-101.jpg></description>. 

因此，我已经编写了代码，但我似乎无法让它找到 .总是这样写：

"\t\t\t<name>TO-XXX</name>\n".

所以，这是代码：

import os

infile = 'TO-Hand-Holes2.kml' # the file I am reading
outfile = 'TO-Hand-Holes-Output.kml' # the file I plan to write to, using print for now
images = os.listdir("./images") # the images folder, all image names match names

source = open(infile, 'r')
target = open(outfile, 'w')

x = 0 #an incrementer
i = 0 # an incrementer

readxml = source.readline
while x < 20000:   #There are about 17,000 lines in the .kml file
    readxml = source.readline()
    while i < len(images):
        word = images[i]
        if readxml == "\t\t\t<name>%s</name>\n" % word[:6]: #!!!!!!!!! the problem is here
            print readxml #output the <name>
            print word[:6] #output the <description>
            hit = 'true'
            i = i + 1
        else:
            hit = 'false'
            #print "test%s" % word[:6]
            i = i + 1
    if hit == 'false':
        print ("%s") % readxml
    x = x + 1

我似乎无法让它识别这些线条。有什么建议吗？

Answer 1

因为缩进是 Python 中的语法，所以你确实需要小心事物的位置。这可能会更接近。它不是 100% 完整，但它会为您指明正确的方向：

with open(infile) as fhi, open(outfile, 'w') as fho:
  for line in fhi:
    if line == 'myMatchString':
      fho.write(line.replace('this', 'that'))

它使用 with 语句的多文件语法，该语法是在 2.7 中引入的。在 2.7 之前，您必须嵌套第二个 with 才能获取第二个文件。

Answer 2

这样会更好：

import os

infile = 'TO-Hand-Holes2.kml' # the file I am reading
outfile = 'TO-Hand-Holes-Output.kml' # the file I plan to write to, using print for now
images = os.listdir("./images") # the images folder, all image names match names


with open(infile, 'r') as source:
    with open(outfile, 'w') as target:
        for readxml in source:
            for word in images:
                hit = readxml == "\t\t\t<name>%s</name>\n" % word[:6]
                if hit: #!!!!!!!!! the problem is here
                    print readxml #output the <name>
                    print >> target, word[:6] #output the <description>

Answer 3

我做了一些更改，但没有用于测试的文件。为了您的学习目的，我做了一些与 Python 相关的更改。我认为您应该测试您想要的信息是否在字符串中，而不是检查等效性。如果你想检查等价性，你应该使用 line.strip() ，因为它将包含你可能没有考虑到的制表符、换行符等（而且你不想明确地考虑，说实话）。

import os

infile = 'TO-Hand-Holes2.kml' # the file I am reading
outfile = 'TO-Hand-Holes-Output.kml' # the file I plan to write to, using print for now
images = os.listdir("./images") # the images folder, all image names match names

source = open(infile, 'r')
target = open(outfile, 'w')

for line in source.readlines():   #read all of the source lines into a list and iterate over them
    for image in images:  #you can iterate over a list like this
        word = image[:6] #i moved the list slicing here so you only have to do it once
        if "<name>" in line and word in line: #!!!!!!!!! the problem is here
            print line #output the <name>
            print word #output the <description>
            hit = True  #use the built-in Python boolean type
        else:
            hit = False
            #print "test%s" % word[:6]
        target.write(line)
        if hit:
            target.write("<description> <img src={0}></description>\n".format(image)

source.close()
target.close()