命名空间中的堆栈跟踪和函数

发布于 2024-11-28 03:21:45 字数 2092 浏览 0 评论 0原文

我试图在我的(c++)程序执行的某个时刻获得回溯。

为此,我使用 backtrace 和 backtrace_symbols。类似的事情:

std::string stacktrace( unsigned int frames_to_skip )
{
    std::string str;

    void* stack_addrs[50];
    int trace_size = backtrace( stack_addrs, 50 );
    char** stack_strings = backtrace_symbols( stack_addrs, trace_size );

    str += "[bt] backtrace:\n";
    // skip frames_to_skip stack frames
    for( int i = frames_to_skip; i < trace_size; ++i )
    {
        char tmp[4096];
        sprintf( tmp, "[bt] #%d %s\n", i-frames_to_skip, stack_strings[i] );
        str += tmp;
    }

    free( stack_strings );

    return str;
}

它可以工作,但缺少一些函数名称。示例:

[bt] #0 /path/to/executable() [0x43e1b5]
[bt] #1 /path/to/executable() [0x43e0cd]
[bt] #2 /path/to/executable() [0x43df51]
[bt] #3 /path/to/executable() [0x43dd44]
[bt] #4 /path/to/executable() [0x43db50]
[bt] #5 /path/to/executable() [0x43d847]
[bt] #6 /path/to/executable() [0x43d216]
[bt] #7 /path/to/executable() [0x43c1e1]
[bt] #8 /path/to/executable() [0x43b293]
[bt] #9 /path/to/executable(_Z29SomeRN5other8symbolE+0x2c) [0x43a6ca]
[bt] #10 /path/to/executable(_Z11SomeIN5_8symbolEPFvRS1_EEvRKT_RKT0_+0x77) [0x441716]
...

函数 0 到 8 有一个共同点:它们都位于一个命名空间中...
我尝试将函数 9 放在匿名名称空间中(没有任何其他修改),它从回溯中消失......现在看起来像这样:

[bt] #0 /path/to/executable() [0x43e1b5]
[bt] #1 /path/to/executable() [0x43e0cd]
[bt] #2 /path/to/executable() [0x43df51]
[bt] #3 /path/to/executable() [0x43dd44]
[bt] #4 /path/to/executable() [0x43db50]
[bt] #5 /path/to/executable() [0x43d847]
[bt] #6 /path/to/executable() [0x43d216]
[bt] #7 /path/to/executable() [0x43c1e1]
[bt] #8 /path/to/executable() [0x43b293]
[bt] #9 /path/to/executable() [0x43a6ca]
[bt] #10 /path/to/executable(_Z11SomeIN5_8symbolEPFvRS1_EEvRKT_RKT0_+0x77) [0x441716]
...

有什么方法可以解决这个问题吗?

ps:g++版本: g++ (GCC) 4.6.0 20110530 (Red Hat 4.6.0-9)

编辑修复了 Code Monkey 备注后回溯的最大深度
edit2添加了函数的完整代码
edit3 代码使用 -O0 -g3 编译并使用 -rdynamic 链接

I am trying to get a backtrace at some point of the execution of my (c++) program.

for that I am using backtrace and backtrace_symbols. Something along this lines:

std::string stacktrace( unsigned int frames_to_skip )
{
    std::string str;

    void* stack_addrs[50];
    int trace_size = backtrace( stack_addrs, 50 );
    char** stack_strings = backtrace_symbols( stack_addrs, trace_size );

    str += "[bt] backtrace:\n";
    // skip frames_to_skip stack frames
    for( int i = frames_to_skip; i < trace_size; ++i )
    {
        char tmp[4096];
        sprintf( tmp, "[bt] #%d %s\n", i-frames_to_skip, stack_strings[i] );
        str += tmp;
    }

    free( stack_strings );

    return str;
}

It works but some functions names are missing. example:

[bt] #0 /path/to/executable() [0x43e1b5]
[bt] #1 /path/to/executable() [0x43e0cd]
[bt] #2 /path/to/executable() [0x43df51]
[bt] #3 /path/to/executable() [0x43dd44]
[bt] #4 /path/to/executable() [0x43db50]
[bt] #5 /path/to/executable() [0x43d847]
[bt] #6 /path/to/executable() [0x43d216]
[bt] #7 /path/to/executable() [0x43c1e1]
[bt] #8 /path/to/executable() [0x43b293]
[bt] #9 /path/to/executable(_Z29SomeRN5other8symbolE+0x2c) [0x43a6ca]
[bt] #10 /path/to/executable(_Z11SomeIN5_8symbolEPFvRS1_EEvRKT_RKT0_+0x77) [0x441716]
...

the functions 0 to 8 have one common point : they all sit in a namespace...
I tried putting function 9 in an anonymous namespace (without any other modification) and it disapears from the backtrace... which now looks like this:

[bt] #0 /path/to/executable() [0x43e1b5]
[bt] #1 /path/to/executable() [0x43e0cd]
[bt] #2 /path/to/executable() [0x43df51]
[bt] #3 /path/to/executable() [0x43dd44]
[bt] #4 /path/to/executable() [0x43db50]
[bt] #5 /path/to/executable() [0x43d847]
[bt] #6 /path/to/executable() [0x43d216]
[bt] #7 /path/to/executable() [0x43c1e1]
[bt] #8 /path/to/executable() [0x43b293]
[bt] #9 /path/to/executable() [0x43a6ca]
[bt] #10 /path/to/executable(_Z11SomeIN5_8symbolEPFvRS1_EEvRKT_RKT0_+0x77) [0x441716]
...

Is there any way to fix that?

p.s.: version of g++:
g++ (GCC) 4.6.0 20110530 (Red Hat 4.6.0-9)

edit fixed max depth of the backtrace after Code Monkey remark
edit2 added the full code of the function
edit3 the code is compiled with -O0 -g3 and linked with -rdynamic

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评论(3

卷耳 2024-12-05 03:21:45

您的问题可能是您正在使用的功能。 backtrace(..) 中的 max_depth 设置为 16。这可能太低了。无论如何...

这篇关于 C++ 堆栈的博客文章Traces with GCC 解释了应该如何执行堆栈跟踪。总而言之,

#include <execinfo.h>
void print_trace(FILE *out, const char *file, int line)
{
    const size_t max_depth = 100;
    size_t stack_depth;
    void *stack_addrs[max_depth];
    char **stack_strings;

    stack_depth = backtrace(stack_addrs, max_depth);
    stack_strings = backtrace_symbols(stack_addrs, stack_depth);

    fprintf(out, "Call stack from %s:%d:\n", file, line);

    for (size_t i = 1; i < stack_depth; i++) {
        fprintf(out, "    %s\n", stack_strings[i]);
    }
    free(stack_strings); // malloc()ed by backtrace_symbols
    fflush(out);
}

GCC 还提供对 C++ 名称 (de)mangler 的访问。有一些
了解内存所有权和接口的非常复杂的细节
堆栈跟踪输出需要一些字符串解析,但它
归结为用以下内容替换上面的内部循环:

#include <cxxabi.h>
...
for (size_t i = 1; i < stack.depth; i++) {
    size_t sz = 200; // just a guess, template names will go much wider
    char *function = static_cast(malloc(sz));
    char *begin = 0, *end = 0;
    // find the parentheses and address offset surrounding the mangled name
    for (char *j = stack.strings[i]; *j; ++j) {
        if (*j == '(') {
            begin = j;
        }
        else if (*j == '+') {
            end = j;
        }
    }
    if (begin && end) {
        *begin++ = '';
        *end = '';
        // found our mangled name, now in [begin, end)

        int status;
        char *ret = abi::__cxa_demangle(begin, function, &sz, &status);
        if (ret) {
            // return value may be a realloc() of the input
            function = ret;
        }
        else {
            // demangling failed, just pretend it's a C function with no args
            std::strncpy(function, begin, sz);
            std::strncat(function, "()", sz);
            function[sz-1] = '';
        }
        fprintf(out, "    %s:%s\n", stack.strings[i], function);
    }
    else
    {
        // didn't find the mangled name, just print the whole line
        fprintf(out, "    %s\n", stack.strings[i]);
    }
    free(function);
}

该网站上有更多信息(我不想逐字复制),但是查看此代码和上面的网站应该会让您走上正确的轨道。

Your problem may be the functions you are using. Your max_depth in backtrace(..) is set to 16. That may be too low. At any rate...

This blog post on C++ stack traces with GCC explains how you should be performing stack traces. In sum,

#include <execinfo.h>
void print_trace(FILE *out, const char *file, int line)
{
    const size_t max_depth = 100;
    size_t stack_depth;
    void *stack_addrs[max_depth];
    char **stack_strings;

    stack_depth = backtrace(stack_addrs, max_depth);
    stack_strings = backtrace_symbols(stack_addrs, stack_depth);

    fprintf(out, "Call stack from %s:%d:\n", file, line);

    for (size_t i = 1; i < stack_depth; i++) {
        fprintf(out, "    %s\n", stack_strings[i]);
    }
    free(stack_strings); // malloc()ed by backtrace_symbols
    fflush(out);
}

GCC also provides access to the C++ name (de)mangler. There are some
pretty hairy details to learn about memory ownership, and interfacing
with the stack trace output requires a bit of string parsing, but it
boils down to replacing the above inner loop with this:

#include <cxxabi.h>
...
for (size_t i = 1; i < stack.depth; i++) {
    size_t sz = 200; // just a guess, template names will go much wider
    char *function = static_cast(malloc(sz));
    char *begin = 0, *end = 0;
    // find the parentheses and address offset surrounding the mangled name
    for (char *j = stack.strings[i]; *j; ++j) {
        if (*j == '(') {
            begin = j;
        }
        else if (*j == '+') {
            end = j;
        }
    }
    if (begin && end) {
        *begin++ = '';
        *end = '';
        // found our mangled name, now in [begin, end)

        int status;
        char *ret = abi::__cxa_demangle(begin, function, &sz, &status);
        if (ret) {
            // return value may be a realloc() of the input
            function = ret;
        }
        else {
            // demangling failed, just pretend it's a C function with no args
            std::strncpy(function, begin, sz);
            std::strncat(function, "()", sz);
            function[sz-1] = '';
        }
        fprintf(out, "    %s:%s\n", stack.strings[i], function);
    }
    else
    {
        // didn't find the mangled name, just print the whole line
        fprintf(out, "    %s\n", stack.strings[i]);
    }
    free(function);
}

There is more information on that site (I didn't want to copy verbatim) but looking at this code and the above site should get you on the right track.

凉城凉梦凉人心 2024-12-05 03:21:45

backtrace 列出了调用帧,它们对应于机器代码 call 指令,而不是源级别的函数调用。

不同之处在于,通过内联,优化编译器通常可以避免对源代码中的每个逻辑函数调用使用 call 指令。

backtrace lists the call frames, which correspond to machine code call instructions, not source level function calls.

The difference is that with inlining, an optimizing compiler can often avoid using a call instruction for every logical function call in the source code.

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