CUDA似乎达到了极限,但那是什么极限呢?
我有一个 CUDA 程序,似乎达到了某些资源的某种限制,但我无法弄清楚该资源是什么。这是内核函数:
__global__ void DoCheck(float2* points, int* segmentToPolylineIndexMap,
int segmentCount, int* output)
{
int segmentIndex = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;
int pointCount = segmentCount + 1;
if(segmentIndex >= segmentCount)
return;
int polylineIndex = segmentToPolylineIndexMap[segmentIndex];
int result = 0;
if(polylineIndex >= 0)
{
float2 p1 = points[segmentIndex];
float2 p2 = points[segmentIndex+1];
float2 A = p2;
float2 a;
a.x = p2.x - p1.x;
a.y = p2.y - p1.y;
for(int i = segmentIndex+2; i < segmentCount; i++)
{
int currentPolylineIndex = segmentToPolylineIndexMap[i];
// if not a different segment within out polyline and
// not a fake segment
bool isLegit = (currentPolylineIndex != polylineIndex &&
currentPolylineIndex >= 0);
float2 p3 = points[i];
float2 p4 = points[i+1];
float2 B = p4;
float2 b;
b.x = p4.x - p3.x;
b.y = p4.y - p3.y;
float2 c;
c.x = B.x - A.x;
c.y = B.y - A.y;
float2 b_perp;
b_perp.x = -b.y;
b_perp.y = b.x;
float numerator = dot(b_perp, c);
float denominator = dot(b_perp, a);
bool isParallel = (denominator == 0.0);
float quotient = numerator / denominator;
float2 intersectionPoint;
intersectionPoint.x = quotient * a.x + A.x;
intersectionPoint.y = quotient * a.y + A.y;
result = result | (isLegit && !isParallel &&
intersectionPoint.x > min(p1.x, p2.x) &&
intersectionPoint.x > min(p3.x, p4.x) &&
intersectionPoint.x < max(p1.x, p2.x) &&
intersectionPoint.x < max(p3.x, p4.x) &&
intersectionPoint.y > min(p1.y, p2.y) &&
intersectionPoint.y > min(p3.y, p4.y) &&
intersectionPoint.y < max(p1.y, p2.y) &&
intersectionPoint.y < max(p3.y, p4.y));
}
}
output[segmentIndex] = result;
}
这是执行内核函数的调用:
DoCheck<<<702, 32>>>(
(float2*)devicePoints,
deviceSegmentsToPolylineIndexMap,
numSegments,
deviceOutput);
参数的大小如下:
- devicePoints = 22,464 float2s = 179,712 字节
- deviceSegmentsToPolylineIndexMap = 22,463 ints = 89,852 字节
- numSegments = 1 int = 4 字节
- deviceOutput = 22,463 ints = 89,852 字节
当我执行这个内核,它使显卡崩溃。看来我遇到了某种限制,因为如果我使用 DoCheck<<<300, 32>>>(...); 执行内核,它就会起作用。需要明确的是,参数是相同的,只是块的数量不同。
知道为什么一个会使视频驱动程序崩溃,而另一个却不会?失败的似乎仍在该卡的块数限制之内。
更新 有关我的系统配置的更多信息:
- 显卡:nVidia 8800GT
- CUDA 版本:1.1
- 操作系统:Windows Server 2008 R2
我还在具有以下配置的笔记本电脑上进行了尝试,但得到了相同的结果:
- 显卡:nVidia Quadro FX 880M
- CUDA 版本: 1.2
- 操作系统:Windows 7 64位
I have a CUDA program that seems to be hitting some sort of limit of some resource, but I can't figure out what that resource is. Here is the kernel function:
__global__ void DoCheck(float2* points, int* segmentToPolylineIndexMap,
int segmentCount, int* output)
{
int segmentIndex = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;
int pointCount = segmentCount + 1;
if(segmentIndex >= segmentCount)
return;
int polylineIndex = segmentToPolylineIndexMap[segmentIndex];
int result = 0;
if(polylineIndex >= 0)
{
float2 p1 = points[segmentIndex];
float2 p2 = points[segmentIndex+1];
float2 A = p2;
float2 a;
a.x = p2.x - p1.x;
a.y = p2.y - p1.y;
for(int i = segmentIndex+2; i < segmentCount; i++)
{
int currentPolylineIndex = segmentToPolylineIndexMap[i];
// if not a different segment within out polyline and
// not a fake segment
bool isLegit = (currentPolylineIndex != polylineIndex &&
currentPolylineIndex >= 0);
float2 p3 = points[i];
float2 p4 = points[i+1];
float2 B = p4;
float2 b;
b.x = p4.x - p3.x;
b.y = p4.y - p3.y;
float2 c;
c.x = B.x - A.x;
c.y = B.y - A.y;
float2 b_perp;
b_perp.x = -b.y;
b_perp.y = b.x;
float numerator = dot(b_perp, c);
float denominator = dot(b_perp, a);
bool isParallel = (denominator == 0.0);
float quotient = numerator / denominator;
float2 intersectionPoint;
intersectionPoint.x = quotient * a.x + A.x;
intersectionPoint.y = quotient * a.y + A.y;
result = result | (isLegit && !isParallel &&
intersectionPoint.x > min(p1.x, p2.x) &&
intersectionPoint.x > min(p3.x, p4.x) &&
intersectionPoint.x < max(p1.x, p2.x) &&
intersectionPoint.x < max(p3.x, p4.x) &&
intersectionPoint.y > min(p1.y, p2.y) &&
intersectionPoint.y > min(p3.y, p4.y) &&
intersectionPoint.y < max(p1.y, p2.y) &&
intersectionPoint.y < max(p3.y, p4.y));
}
}
output[segmentIndex] = result;
}
Here is the call to execute the kernel function:
DoCheck<<<702, 32>>>(
(float2*)devicePoints,
deviceSegmentsToPolylineIndexMap,
numSegments,
deviceOutput);
The sizes of the parameters are as follows:
- devicePoints = 22,464 float2s = 179,712 bytes
- deviceSegmentsToPolylineIndexMap = 22,463 ints = 89,852 bytes
- numSegments = 1 int = 4 bytes
- deviceOutput = 22,463 ints = 89,852 bytes
When I execute this kernel, it crashes the video card. It would appear that I am hitting some sort of limit, because if I execute the kernel using DoCheck<<<300, 32>>>(...);
, it works. Just to be clear, the parameters are the same, just the number of blocks is different.
Any idea why one crashes the video driver, and the other doesn't? The one that fail seems to be still within the card's limit on number of blocks.
Update
More information on my system configuration:
- Video Card: nVidia 8800GT
- CUDA Version: 1.1
- OS: Windows Server 2008 R2
I also tried it on a laptop with the following configuration, but got the same results:
- Video Card: nVidia Quadro FX 880M
- CUDA Version: 1.2
- OS: Windows 7 64-bit
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正在耗尽的资源是时间。在所有当前的 CUDA 平台上,显示驱动程序都包含一个看门狗定时器,它将杀死任何需要超过几秒钟执行的内核。在运行显示器的卡上运行代码受此限制。
在您使用的 WDDM Windows 平台上,存在三种可能的解决方案/解决方法:
The resource which is being exhausted is time. On all current CUDA platforms, the display driver includes a watchdog timer which will kill any kernel which takes more than a few seconds to execute. Running code on a card which is running a display is subject to this limit.
On the WDDM Windows platforms you are using, there are three possible solutions/work-arounds: