如何将 Base64 编码的图像保存到磁盘？

Question

我的 Express 应用程序正在从浏览器接收 Base64 编码的 PNG（使用 toDataURL() 从画布生成）并将其写入文件。但该文件不是有效的图像文件，“文件”实用程序只是将其标识为“数据”。

var body = req.rawBody,
  base64Data = body.replace(/^data:image\/png;base64,/,""),
  binaryData = new Buffer(base64Data, 'base64').toString('binary');

require("fs").writeFile("out.png", binaryData, "binary", function(err) {
  console.log(err); // writes out file without error, but it's not a valid image
});

Answer 1

我认为您转换的数据比您需要的要多一些。使用正确的编码创建缓冲区后，只需将缓冲区写入文件即可。

var base64Data = req.rawBody.replace(/^data:image\/png;base64,/, "");

require("fs").writeFile("out.png", base64Data, 'base64', function(err) {
  console.log(err);
});

new Buffer(..., 'base64') 将输入字符串转换为 Buffer，它只是一个字节数组，通过将输入解释为 base64 编码的字符串。然后您可以将该字节数组写入文件。

更新

正如评论中提到的，req.rawBody 不再是一个东西。如果您使用 express/connect 那么您应该使用 bodyParser() 中间件并使用 req.body，如果您使用标准 Node 执行此操作，则需要聚合传入的 data 事件 Buffer 对象，并在 end 中执行此图像数据解析打回来。

Answer 2

这是我的完整解决方案，它将读取任何 base64 图像格式并将其以正确的格式保存在数据库中：

    // Save base64 image to disk
    try
    {
        // Decoding base-64 image
        // Source: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/20267939/nodejs-write-base64-image-file
        function decodeBase64Image(dataString) 
        {
          var matches = dataString.match(/^data:([A-Za-z-+\/]+);base64,(.+)$/);
          var response = {};

          if (matches.length !== 3) 
          {
            return new Error('Invalid input string');
          }

          response.type = matches[1];
          response.data = new Buffer(matches[2], 'base64');

          return response;
        }

        // Regular expression for image type:
        // This regular image extracts the "jpeg" from "image/jpeg"
        var imageTypeRegularExpression      = /\/(.*?)$/;      

        // Generate random string
        var crypto                          = require('crypto');
        var seed                            = crypto.randomBytes(20);
        var uniqueSHA1String                = crypto
                                               .createHash('sha1')
                                                .update(seed)
                                                 .digest('hex');

        var base64Data = 'data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQEAZABkAAD/4Q3zaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmN...';

        var imageBuffer                      = decodeBase64Image(base64Data);
        var userUploadedFeedMessagesLocation = '../img/upload/feed/';

        var uniqueRandomImageName            = 'image-' + uniqueSHA1String;
        // This variable is actually an array which has 5 values,
        // The [1] value is the real image extension
        var imageTypeDetected                = imageBuffer
                                                .type
                                                 .match(imageTypeRegularExpression);

        var userUploadedImagePath            = userUploadedFeedMessagesLocation + 
                                               uniqueRandomImageName +
                                               '.' + 
                                               imageTypeDetected[1];

        // Save decoded binary image to disk
        try
        {
        require('fs').writeFile(userUploadedImagePath, imageBuffer.data,  
                                function() 
                                {
                                  console.log('DEBUG - feed:message: Saved to disk image attached by user:', userUploadedImagePath);
                                });
        }
        catch(error)
        {
            console.log('ERROR:', error);
        }

    }
    catch(error)
    {
        console.log('ERROR:', error);
    }

Answer 3

这对我来说简单而完美。

Scott Robinson 的精彩解释

来自图片到base64字符串

let buff = fs.readFileSync('stack-abuse-logo.png');
let base64data = buff.toString('base64');

从base64字符串到图像

let buff = Buffer.from(data, 'base64');
fs.writeFileSync('stack-abuse-logo-out.png', buff);

Answer 4

更新

我发现这个有趣的链接如何解决您的 PHP 问题。我认为您忘记将 space 替换为 +，如链接所示。

我从 http://images-mediawiki- sites.thefullwiki.org/04/1/7/5/6204600836255205.png 作为示例，如下所示：

下一页我把它通过 http://www.greywyvern.com/code/php/binary2base64 返回了我：

data:image/png;base64,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

将此字符串保存到我在代码中读取的 base64 。

var fs      = require('fs'),
data        = fs.readFileSync('base64', 'utf8'),
base64Data,
binaryData;

base64Data  =   data.replace(/^data:image\/png;base64,/, "");
base64Data  +=  base64Data.replace('+', ' ');
binaryData  =   new Buffer(base64Data, 'base64').toString('binary');

fs.writeFile("out.png", binaryData, "binary", function (err) {
    console.log(err); // writes out file without error, but it's not a valid image
});

我得到了一个圆圈，但有趣的是文件大小已经改变:)...

结束

当你读回图像时我认为你需要设置标题

举个例子 imagepng：

<?php
$im = imagecreatefrompng("test.png");

header('Content-Type: image/png');

imagepng($im);
imagedestroy($im);
?>

我认为第二行 header('Content-Type: image/png'); ，很重要，否则您的图像将不会显示在浏览器中，但是仅向浏览器显示一堆二进制数据。

在 Express 中，您只需使用如下所示的内容即可。我将显示您的头像，其位于 http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/cabf735ce7b8b4471ef46ea54f71832d?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG
当您curl --head http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/cabf735ce7b8b4471ef46ea54f71832d?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG时，它是一个jpeg文件。我只请求标头，因为否则curl会在控制台显示一堆二进制内容（Google Chrome立即下载）：

curl --head "http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/cabf735ce7b8b4471ef46ea54f71832d?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG"
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx
Date: Wed, 03 Aug 2011 12:11:25 GMT
Content-Type: image/jpeg
Connection: keep-alive
Last-Modified: Mon, 04 Oct 2010 11:54:22 GMT
Content-Disposition: inline; filename="cabf735ce7b8b4471ef46ea54f71832d.jpeg"
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Content-Length: 1258
X-Varnish: 2356636561 2352219240
Via: 1.1 varnish
Expires: Wed, 03 Aug 2011 12:16:25 GMT
Cache-Control: max-age=300
Source-Age: 1482

---

$ mkdir -p ~/tmp/6922728
$ cd ~/tmp/6922728/
$ touch app.js

app.js

var app = require('express').createServer();

app.get('/', function (req, res) {
    res.contentType('image/jpeg');
    res.sendfile('cabf735ce7b8b4471ef46ea54f71832d?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG');
});

app.get('/binary', function (req, res) {
    res.sendfile('cabf735ce7b8b4471ef46ea54f71832d?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG');
});

app.listen(3000);

$ wget "http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/cabf735ce7b8b4471ef46ea54f71832d?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG"
$ node app.js

Answer 5

我还必须保存作为数据 URL 一部分的 Base64 编码图像，因此我最终制作了一个小型 npm 模块来执行此操作，以防我（或其他人）将来需要再次执行此操作。它称为 ba64。

简而言之，它获取带有 Base64 编码图像的数据 URL，并将图像保存到文件系统中。它可以同步或异步保存。它还具有两个辅助函数，一个用于获取图像的文件扩展名，另一个用于将 Base64 编码与 data: 方案前缀分开。

这是一个示例：

var ba64 = require("ba64"),
    data_url = "data:image/jpeg;base64,[Base64 encoded image goes here]";

// Save the image synchronously.
ba64.writeImageSync("myimage", data_url); // Saves myimage.jpeg.

// Or save the image asynchronously.
ba64.writeImage("myimage", data_url, function(err){
    if (err) throw err;

    console.log("Image saved successfully");

    // do stuff
});

安装它：npm i ba64 -S。仓库位于 GitHub 上：https://github.com/HarryStevens/ba64。

PS 后来我发现 ba64 对于该模块来说可能是一个不好的名字，因为人们可能会认为它进行 Base64 编码和解码，但事实并非如此（有很多模块已经这样做了）。那好吧。

Answer 6

下面的函数保存文件，只需传递你的base64文件，它返回文件名将其保存在数据库中。

import fs from 'fs';
 const uuid = require('uuid/v1');

/*Download the base64 image in the server and returns the filename and path of image.*/
function saveImage(baseImage) {
    /*path of the folder where your project is saved. (In my case i got it from config file, root path of project).*/
    const uploadPath = "/home/documents/project";
    //path of folder where you want to save the image.
    const localPath = `${uploadPath}/uploads/images/`;
    //Find extension of file
    const ext = baseImage.substring(baseImage.indexOf("/")+1, baseImage.indexOf(";base64"));
    const fileType = baseImage.substring("data:".length,baseImage.indexOf("/"));
    //Forming regex to extract base64 data of file.
    const regex = new RegExp(`^data:${fileType}\/${ext};base64,`, 'gi');
    //Extract base64 data.
    const base64Data = baseImage.replace(regex, "");
    const filename = `${uuid()}.${ext}`;

    //Check that if directory is present or not.
    if(!fs.existsSync(`${uploadPath}/uploads/`)) {
        fs.mkdirSync(`${uploadPath}/uploads/`);
    }
    if (!fs.existsSync(localPath)) {
        fs.mkdirSync(localPath);
    }
    fs.writeFileSync(localPath+filename, base64Data, 'base64');
    return filename;
}

Answer 7

您可以使用第三方库，例如 base64-img 或 base64-to-image。

1. base64-img

const base64Img = require('base64-img');

const data = 'data:image/png;base64,...';
const destpath = 'dir/to/save/image';
const filename = 'some-filename';

base64Img.img(data, destpath, filename, (err, filepath) => {}); // Asynchronous using

const filepath = base64Img.imgSync(data, destpath, filename); // Synchronous using

2. base64 转图像

const base64ToImage = require('base64-to-image');

const base64Str = 'data:image/png;base64,...';
const path = 'dir/to/save/image/'; // Add trailing slash
const optionalObj = { fileName: 'some-filename', type: 'png' };

const { imageType, fileName } = base64ToImage(base64Str, path, optionalObj); // Only synchronous using

Answer 8

从带有 base64 字符串的文件转换为 png 图像。

4 个可行的变体。

var {promisify} = require('util');
var fs = require("fs");

var readFile = promisify(fs.readFile)
var writeFile = promisify(fs.writeFile)

async function run () {

  // variant 1
  var d = await readFile('./1.txt', 'utf8')
  await writeFile("./1.png", d, 'base64')

  // variant 2
  var d = await readFile('./2.txt', 'utf8')
  var dd = new Buffer(d, 'base64')
  await writeFile("./2.png", dd)

  // variant 3
  var d = await readFile('./3.txt')
  await writeFile("./3.png", d.toString('utf8'), 'base64')

  // variant 4
  var d = await readFile('./4.txt')
  var dd = new Buffer(d.toString('utf8'), 'base64')
  await writeFile("./4.png", dd)

}

run();

Answer 9

将 base64 图像转换为文件并另存为随机 ID 或名称的简单方法。

// to create some random id or name for your image name
const imgname = new Date().getTime().toString();

// to declare some path to store your converted image
const path = yourpath.png    

// image takes from body which you uploaded
const imgdata = req.body.image;    

// to convert base64 format into random filename
const base64Data = imgdata.replace(/^data:([A-Za-z-+/]+);base64,/, '');
fs.writeFile(path, base64Data, 'base64', (err) => {
    console.log(err);
});

// assigning converted image into your database
req.body.coverImage = imgname

Answer 10

很简单

const path = require('path');
const { readFile, stat, writeFile } = require("fs/promises");

(async () => {

    try {

        const contents = await readFile(path.join(__dirname, 'clau.jpg'), { encoding: 'base64' });

        console.log(contents);

        await writeFile(path.join(__dirname, 'claumia.jpg'), Buffer.from(contents, 'base64'));

    } catch (error) {
        console.log(error)
    }

})()