如何在 Ruby 中实现枚举?
在 Ruby 中实现枚举习惯用法的最佳方法是什么?我正在寻找一些我可以使用(几乎)像 Java/C# 枚举的东西。
What's the best way to implement the enum idiom in Ruby? I'm looking for something which I can use (almost) like the Java/C# enums.
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另一种方法是使用包含名称和值的哈希的 Ruby 类,如下所示 RubyFleebie博客文章。这使您可以轻松地在值和常量之间进行转换(特别是如果您添加类方法来查找给定值的名称)。
Another approach is to use a Ruby class with a hash containing names and values as described in the following RubyFleebie blog post. This allows you to convert easily between values and constants (especially if you add a class method to lookup the name for a given value).
我认为实现类似枚举类型的最佳方法是使用符号,因为它们几乎表现为整数(当涉及到性能时,object_id 用于进行比较);你不需要担心索引,它们在你的代码中看起来非常整洁 xD
I think the best way to implement enumeration like types is with symbols since the pretty much behave as integer (when it comes to performace, object_id is used to make comparisons ); you don't need to worry about indexing and they look really neat in your code xD
输出:
1 - a
2 - b
3 - c
4天
Output:
1 - a
2 - b
3 - c
4 - d
另一种模仿枚举的方法,具有一致的相等处理(无耻地采用戴夫托马斯)。允许开放枚举(很像符号)和封闭(预定义)枚举。
Another way to mimic an enum with consistent equality handling (shamelessly adopted from Dave Thomas). Allows open enums (much like symbols) and closed (predefined) enums.
如果您确实想使用点表示法来调用枚举(例如您想使用相同的 Javascript 枚举来 grep 共享代码库),并且您希望 IDE 自动完成,则可以使用 Struct:
If you really want to use dot notation to call the enums(say for example you want to grep a shared codebase with identical Javascript enums), and you want your IDE to autocomplete, you can use a Struct:
有时我们希望避免创建额外的复杂性并添加新的依赖项,即使它很小。
这个简单的方法对我有用:
Sometimes we want to avoid creating extra complexity and adding new dependencies even if small.
This simple one works for me:
这是迄今为止我找到的最好的解决方案。非常具有可读性,如果您需要的不止于此,那么您不应该使用
enum
的哈哈this is by far the best solution i have found so far. very readable and if you need more than this than you're not supposed to be using
enum
's lol两种方式。符号(
:foo
表示法)或常量(FOO
表示法)。当您想要增强可读性而不用文字字符串乱扔代码时,符号是合适的。
当您具有重要的潜在值时,常量是合适的。只需声明一个模块来保存常量,然后在其中声明常量。
添加了 2021-01-17
如果您要传递枚举值(例如,将其存储在数据库中)并且需要能够将该值转换回符号,则可以混合使用两种方法
这种方法的灵感来自 andrew -grimm的回答https://stackoverflow.com/a/5332950/13468
我还建议阅读此处的其余答案,因为那里有很多方法可以解决这个问题,这实际上可以归结为您关心的其他语言的枚举是什么
Two ways. Symbols (
:foo
notation) or constants (FOO
notation).Symbols are appropriate when you want to enhance readability without littering code with literal strings.
Constants are appropriate when you have an underlying value that is important. Just declare a module to hold your constants and then declare the constants within that.
Added 2021-01-17
If you are passing the enum value around (for example, storing it in a database) and you need to be able to translate the value back into the symbol, there's a mashup of both approaches
This approach inspired by andrew-grimm's answer https://stackoverflow.com/a/5332950/13468
I'd also recommend reading through the rest of the answers here since there are a lot of ways to solve this and it really boils down to what it is about the other language's enum that you care about
我很惊讶没有人提供类似以下内容的内容(摘自 RAPI gem):
可以像这样使用:
示例:
这在数据库场景中,或者在处理 C 风格常量/枚举时效果很好(就像使用 FFI,RAPI 广泛使用)。
此外,您不必担心打字错误会导致静默失败,就像使用哈希类型解决方案一样。
I'm surprised that no one has offered something like the following (harvested from the RAPI gem):
Which can be used like so:
Example:
This plays well in database scenarios, or when dealing with C style constants/enums (as is the case when using FFI, which RAPI makes extensive use of).
Also, you don't have to worry about typos causing silent failures, as you would with using a hash-type solution.
我使用以下方法:
我喜欢它,因为它具有以下优点:
MY_ENUM
MY_VALUE_1
符号可能更好,因为您不必编写外部类的名称,如果您在其他课程中使用它(
MyClass::MY_VALUE_1
)I use the following approach:
I like it for the following advantages:
MY_ENUM
MY_VALUE_1
Symbols may be better cause you don't have to write the name of outer class, if you are using it in another class (
MyClass::MY_VALUE_1
)最惯用的方法是使用符号。例如,
您可以只使用符号来代替: ...
这比枚举更开放,但它非常符合 Ruby 精神。
符号也表现得很好。例如,比较两个符号是否相等比比较两个字符串要快得多。
The most idiomatic way to do this is to use symbols. For example, instead of:
...you can just use symbols:
This is a bit more open-ended than enums, but it fits well with the Ruby spirit.
Symbols also perform very well. Comparing two symbols for equality, for example, is much faster than comparing two strings.
如果您使用 Rails 4.2 或更高版本,则可以使用 Rails 枚举。
Rails 现在默认具有枚举,无需包含任何 gem。
这与 Java、C++ 枚举非常相似(并且具有更多功能)。
引用自 http://edgeapi.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/Enum.html:
If you are using Rails 4.2 or greater you can use Rails enums.
Rails now has enums by default without the need for including any gems.
This is very similar (and more with features) to Java, C++ enums.
Quoted from http://edgeapi.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/Enum.html :
查看 ruby-enum gem,https://github.com/dblock/ruby-enum 。
Check out the ruby-enum gem, https://github.com/dblock/ruby-enum.
我知道这个人已经很久没有发布这个问题了,但我也有同样的问题,而这篇文章没有给我答案。我想要一种简单的方法来查看数字代表什么,进行简单的比较,最重要的是 ActiveRecord 支持使用代表枚举的列进行查找。
我没有找到任何东西,所以我做了一个名为 yinum 的很棒的实现,它允许我寻找的一切。做了很多规格,所以我很确定它是安全的。
一些示例功能:
I know it's been a long time since the guy posted this question, but I had the same question and this post didn't give me the answer. I wanted an easy way to see what the number represents, easy comparison, and most of all ActiveRecord support for lookup using the column representing the enum.
I didn't find anything, so I made an awesome implementation called yinum which allowed everything I was looking for. Made ton of specs, so I'm pretty sure it's safe.
Some example features:
这是我在 Ruby 中使用枚举的方法。我想要的是简短而甜蜜的,不一定是最像 C 的。有什么想法吗?
This is my approach to enums in Ruby. I was going for short and sweet, not necessarily the the most C-like. Any thoughts?
也许最好的轻量级方法是这样
,值具有关联的名称,如在 Java/C# 中:
要获取所有值,您可以这样做
如果您想要枚举的序数值,您可以这样做
Perhaps the best lightweight approach would be
This way values have associated names, as in Java/C#:
To get all values, you can do
If you want an enum's ordinal value, you can do
如果您担心符号拼写错误,请确保您的代码在使用不存在的键访问值时引发异常。您可以通过使用
fetch
而不是[]
来完成此操作:或者如果您提供不存在的密钥,则默认情况下使散列引发异常:
如果散列已存在,您可以添加异常引发行为:
通常,您不必担心常量的拼写错误安全性。如果常量名称拼写错误,通常会引发异常。
If you're worried about typos with symbols, make sure your code raises an exception when you access a value with a non-existent key. You can do this by using
fetch
rather than[]
:or by making the hash raise an exception by default if you supply a non-existent key:
If the hash already exists, you can add on exception-raising behaviour:
Normally, you don't have to worry about typo safety with constants. If you misspell a constant name, it'll usually raise an exception.
另一种解决方案是使用 OpenStruct。它非常直接和干净。
https://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.3 .1/libdoc/ostruct/rdoc/OpenStruct.html
示例:
Another solution is using OpenStruct. Its pretty straight forward and clean.
https://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.3.1/libdoc/ostruct/rdoc/OpenStruct.html
Example:
这完全取决于您如何使用 Java 或 C# 枚举。您如何使用它将决定您在 Ruby 中选择的解决方案。
尝试使用原生
Set
类型,例如:It all depends how you use Java or C# enums. How you use it will dictate the solution you'll choose in Ruby.
Try the native
Set
type, for instance:有人继续编写了一个名为 Renum 的 ruby gem。它声称可以获得最接近 Java/C# 的行为。就我个人而言,我仍在学习 Ruby,当我想让一个特定的类包含一个静态枚举(可能是一个散列)时,我有点震惊,因为通过谷歌很难找到它。
Someone went ahead and wrote a ruby gem called Renum. It claims to get the closest Java/C# like behavior. Personally I'm still learning Ruby, and I was a little shocked when I wanted to make a specific class contain a static enum, possibly a hash, that it wasn't exactly easily found via google.
最近,我们发布了一个gem,它实现了Ruby 中的枚举。在我的帖子中,您会找到问题的答案。我还描述了为什么我们的实现比现有的更好(实际上 Ruby 中有许多此功能的实现,但作为 gems)。
Recently we released a gem that implements Enums in Ruby. In my post you will find the answers on your questions. Also I described there why our implementation is better than existing ones (actually there are many implementations of this feature in Ruby yet as gems).
符号是 ruby 的方式。然而,有时需要与一些 C 代码或某些东西或 Java 进行交互,这些代码公开了一些用于各种事物的枚举。
然后可以像这样使用
这当然可以变得抽象,你可以推出我们自己的 Enum 类
Symbols is the ruby way. However, sometimes one need to talk to some C code or something or Java that expose some enum for various things.
This can then be used like this
This is can of course be made abstract and you can roll our own Enum class
我已经实现了这样的枚举
那么很容易进行操作
......
,
I have implemented enums like that
then its easy to do operations
...
...
输出:
Output:
这看起来有点多余,但这是我使用过几次的方法,特别是在我与 xml 或类似的集成时。
这给了我 ac# enum 的严格性,并且它与模型相关。
This seems a bit superfluous, but this is a methodology that I have used a few times, especially where I am integrating with xml or some such.
This gives me the rigor of a c# enum and it is tied to the model.
大多数人使用符号(即
:foo_bar
语法)。它们是一种独特的、不透明的价值观。符号不属于任何枚举类型,因此它们并不是 C 枚举类型的真正忠实表示,但这已经是最好的了。Most people use symbols (that's the
:foo_bar
syntax). They're sort of unique opaque values. Symbols don't belong to any enum-style type so they're not really a faithful representation of C's enum type but this is pretty much as good as it gets.有时我需要的只是能够获取枚举的值并识别其名称,类似于java世界。
对我来说,这服务于枚举的目的,并使其具有很强的可扩展性。您可以向 Enum 类添加更多方法,viola 在所有定义的枚举中免费获取它们。例如。 get_all_names 之类的东西。
Sometimes all I need is to be able to fetch enum's value and identify its name similar to java world.
This to me serves the purpose of enum and keeps it very extensible too. You can add more methods to the Enum class and viola get them for free in all the defined enums. for example. get_all_names and stuff like that.
尝试一下 inum。
https://github.com/alfa-jpn/inum
查看更多https://github.com/alfa-jpn/inum#usage
Try the inum.
https://github.com/alfa-jpn/inum
see more https://github.com/alfa-jpn/inum#usage