从 Bash 中的文件中读取行并将单词解析为 mailx 参数的变量

发布于 2024-11-25 07:30:22 字数 2198 浏览 1 评论 0原文

我有一个 bash 脚本，它从 4 列（无标题）的文本文件中读取行。行数最多可以为 4 行或更少。每行中的单词由空格字符分隔。

[email protected]   [email protected];[email protected]   Sub1   MailBody1
[email protected]   [email protected];[email protected]   Sub2   MailBody2
[email protected]   [email protected];[email protected]   Sub3   MailBody3
[email protected]   [email protected];[email protected]   Sub4   MailBody4

目前，我正在解析文件，在获取每一行后，我将每一行中的每个单词存储到一个变量中，并调用 mailx 四次。想知道是否有一个优雅的 awk/sed 解决方案来解决下面提到的逻辑。

读取 $line 时查找总行数
，将每行存储在变量中将
每行解析为 i=( $line1 ), j=( $line2 ) 等
从每一行获取值，如 ${i[0]}、${i[1]}、${i[2] } 和 ${i[3]}等
调用 mailx -s ${i[2]} -t ${i[1]} -r ${i[0]} < ${i[3]}
解析下一行并调用 mailx
执行此操作，直到没有更多行或最多 4 行到达

awk 或 sed 是否为上述迭代/提供了一个优雅的解决方案循环逻辑？

原文

I have a bash script which reads lines from a text file with 4 columns(no headers). The number of lines can be a maximum of 4 lines or less. The words in each line are separated by SPACE character.

[email protected]   [email protected];[email protected]   Sub1   MailBody1
[email protected]   [email protected];[email protected]   Sub2   MailBody2
[email protected]   [email protected];[email protected]   Sub3   MailBody3
[email protected]   [email protected];[email protected]   Sub4   MailBody4

Currently, I am parsing the file and after getting each line, I am storing each word in every line into a variable and calling mailx four times. Wondering if is there is an elegant awk/sed solution to the below mentioned logic.

find total number of lines
while read $line, store each line in a variable
parse each line as i=( $line1 ), j=( $line2 ) etc
get values from each line as ${i[0]}, ${i[1]}, ${i[2]} and ${i[3]} etc
call mailx -s ${i[2]} -t ${i[1]} -r ${i[0]} < ${i[3]}
parse next line and call mailx
do this until no more lines or max 4 lines have been reached

Do awk or sed provide an elegant solution to the above iterating/looping logic?

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倒数 2024-12-02 07:30:22

尝试一下：

head -n 4 mail.txt | while read from to subject body; do
    mailx -s "$subject" -t "$to" -r "$from" <<< "$body"
done

head -n 4 从文本文件中读取最多四行。
read 可以从一行读取多个变量，因此我们可以使用命名变量来提高可读性。
<<< 可能是您想要的重定向，而不是 <。大概。

Give this a shot:

head -n 4 mail.txt | while read from to subject body; do
    mailx -s "$subject" -t "$to" -r "$from" <<< "$body"
done

head -n 4 reads up to four lines from your text file.
read can read multiple variables from one line, so we can use named variables for readability.
<<< is probably what you want for the redirection, rather than <. Probably.

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仙气飘飘 2024-12-02 07:30:22

如果您对如何显示文件中的文本行有很多控制，上面的 while 循环可以很好地作为 sed 和 awk 的简单替代方案。 read 命令也可以使用 -d 标志来使用指定的分隔符。

另一个简单的例子：

我使用 mysql 来获取用户和主机的列表，将其放入文件 /tmp/userlist 中，其文本如下所示：

user1 host1
user2 host2
user3 host3

我将这些变量传递到 mysql 命令中以获取这些用户和主机的授权信息并附加到/tmp/grantlist：

cat /tmp/userlist | while read user hostname;
do
  echo -e "\n\nGrabbing user $user for host $hostname..."
  mysql -u root -h "localhost" -e "SHOW GRANTS FOR '$user'@$hostname" >> /tmp/grantlist
done

The above while loop works well as a simple alternative to sed and awk if you have a lot of control over how to display the lines of text in a file. the read command can use a specified delimiter as well, using the -d flag.

Another simple example:

I had used mysql to grab a list of users and hosts, putting it into a file /tmp/userlist with text as shown:

user1 host1
user2 host2
user3 host3

I passed these variables into a mysql command to get grant info for these users and hosts and append to /tmp/grantlist:

cat /tmp/userlist | while read user hostname;
do
  echo -e "\n\nGrabbing user $user for host $hostname..."
  mysql -u root -h "localhost" -e "SHOW GRANTS FOR '$user'@$hostname" >> /tmp/grantlist
done

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