应该“显式关闭”命令行开关被认为是有害的吗?
我们尽力遵循“标准”来处理参数和开关 从命令行。例如,默认情况下,我们采用 Posix2 和 GNU 标准用于命令行解析。
然而,由于我们的实用程序是跨平台的,并且我们希望可以通过跨平台脚本访问它们,因此我们也尝试变得“健壮”。因此,我们隐式地允许这两种形式:
myutil --longname
myutil /longname
这并非在所有情况下都是完美的,因为它可能有些含糊,例如 Posix 支持折叠“短”开关名称(这些是相同的):
myutil -abcd
myutil -a -b -c -d
myutil /a /b /c /d
(...我们不支持折叠Win 平台上的“短名称”,因为这是不明确的。)
另一个看起来有点奇怪的跨平台开关问题是“显式关闭”开关,其中尾随的“-
”将开关显式标识为存在“turned off”:
myutil -a-
myutil --longname-
myutil /a-
myutil /longname-
这是明确的,所以我们认为它可以接受。 (“/a/
”和“/longname/
”的“显式关闭”看起来非常奇怪,所以我们使用了尾随的“-”作为“跨平台内部标准”。)
回想一下,这种历史上的“显式关闭”开关有时对于显式“关闭”默认为“打开”的值很有用,或者删除以前可能具有的开关已添加到正在组装的命令行中(例如,当从脚本组装命令行时,稍后决定“删除”先前添加的开关)。
然而,经过审查:这个“显式关闭”开关是否会被视为有害(不良形式)?
例如,如果实用程序默认为“-v
”(--verbose
) 作为“on”,我们可以有一个“否定开关”来将其关闭:
myutil -v-
...或者,我们可以仅仅定义一个“<代码>-q” (--quiet
) 作为“正向开关”,隐式将“on”变为“ Quiet”选项(这意味着“-v
”开关的“off”):
myutil -q
当然,对于任何给定的实用程序,它将是 < em>冗余以支持“-v-
”和“-q
”形式,因为它们会做同样的事情。 此示例中,另一种选择是多个“详细级别”,其中一个级别为“安静”,但目标是说明显式禁用开关的“开/关”性质。)
(在 时间太长了,似乎“显式关闭”开关现在已经很大程度上失宠了(例如,在(Gnu)“命令行接口标准”。)
问题:开关的历史“显式关闭”是否应该被视为有害?
新的命令行实用程序是否应该支持“正开关”,而不是支持“负开关”或命令行选项到包含级别作为“良好形式”?)如果是这样,是否还有理由再支持“显式关闭”开关(对于今天编写的新实用程序)?
We try to follow "standards" as best we can for processing arguments and switches from the command line. For example, by default, we embrace Posix2 and GNU standards for command line parsing.
However, since our utilities are cross-platform, and we want them to be accessible from cross-platform scripts, we also try to be "robust". So, we implicitly permit both forms:
myutil --longname
myutil /longname
This is not perfect in all cases, as it can be somewhat ambiguous, such as Posix support for collapsing "short" switch names (these are the same):
myutil -abcd
myutil -a -b -c -d
myutil /a /b /c /d
(...we do not support collapsing "short names" on Win platforms because that is ambiguous.)
Another cross-platform switch issue that seems a little strange is the "explicit off" switch, where a trailing "-
" explicitly identifies a switch as being "turned off":
myutil -a-
myutil --longname-
myutil /a-
myutil /longname-
This is unambiguous, so we decided it acceptable. (The "explicit off" of "/a/
" and "/longname/
" looked really strange, so we went with the trailing "-
" as a "cross-platform internal standard".)
Recall that this historical "explicit off" for switches was sometimes useful to explicitly "turn off" a value that defaulted to "on", or to remove a switch that may previously have been added to a command-line-being-assembled (such as when assembling a command line from a script where a later decision is made to "remove" a previously added switch).
HOWEVER, upon review: Can this "explicit off" switch be considered harmful (bad form)?
For example, if a utility defaults to "-v
" (--verbose
) as "on", we could have a "negative switch" to turn it off:
myutil -v-
...or, we could merely define a "-q
" (--quiet
) as a "positive switch" that implicitly turns "on" a "quiet" option (which implies an "off" for the "-v
" switch):
myutil -q
Of course, for any given utility, it would then be redundant to support both the "-v-
" and "-q
" forms, since they would do the same thing. (In this example, another option would be multiple "verbose levels" with one level being "quiet", but the goal is to illustrate the "on/off" nature of explicitly disabling a switch.)
After an exhaustive web search that wasted far too much time, it seems the switch "explicit off" has largely fallen out of favor these days (for example, it is not even mentioned in the (Gnu) "Standards for Command Line Interfaces".)
QUESTION: Should the historic "explicit off" for switches be considered harmful?
Rather than support a "negative switch", should new command line utilities instead favor a "positive switch" or command-line-option-to-include-levels as "good form"?) If so, is there even a reason to support "explicit off" switches anymore (for new utilities authored today)?
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我从未听说过使用尾随
-
来关闭开关。在 UNIX 领域,它在前面加上no-
,如--no-verbose
关闭--verbose
。至少,Ruby 的 OptionParser 直接支持这一点;不确定其他人的情况。至于这种模式“有害”:绝对不会。拥有流畅的注释行界面总是好的。考虑更具破坏性的选项,例如覆盖现有文件的
--force
。进一步考虑一种方案,用户可以为给定命令指定默认命令行选项。现在,如果她将--force
配置为默认打开;如何根据具体情况将其关闭?我们不希望她编辑配置文件来禁用
--force
,因此我们提供--no-force
来覆盖它。可否定的长格式选项在其他脚本或 crontab 中也很有帮助,可以非常清楚地说明正在发生的事情:
必须维护此功能的可怜的系统管理员将不必去寻找
awesome_script.sh
' s 文档(假设它甚至存在)来了解这里发生了什么。I've never heard of a trailing
-
for turning off a switch. In UNIX-land, it's using preceding it withno-
as in--no-verbose
turns off--verbose
. At the very least, Ruby'sOptionParser
supports this directly; not sure about others.As to this pattern "being harmful": absolutely not. It's always good to have a fluent comment-line interface. Consider a more destructive option like
--force
that overwrites existing files. Consider further, a scheme where a user can specify her default command-line options for a given command. Now, if she's configured--force
to be on by default; how does turn it off on a case-by-case basis?We don't want her to edit her config file to disable
--force
, so we provide--no-force
to override it.Negatable long-form options can also be helpful in other scripts or crontabs to make it very clear what's going on:
The poor sysadmin that must maintain this won't' have to go hunting for
awesome_script.sh
's documentation (assuming it even exists) to know what's going on here.