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如何调试 pythonic GUI 程序？

发布于 2024-11-24 05:40:42 字数 287 浏览 1 评论 0原文

我想调试一个Pythonic程序，例如calibre。通常，我使用 pdb 从控制台进行调试，但是当我将 pdb 与 pythonic 一起使用时GUI 程序，GUI 部分（画布或到底是什么）冻结，并且以这种方式调试真的非常困难。

对于调试 pythonic GUI 程序有什么建议吗？你怎么做？

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一萌ing 2024-12-01 05:40:42

我会在 GUI 代码中每个事件处理函数/方法的顶部调用 logging.debug 来表示“用户操作”，即鼠标单击、输入键。此外，任何更新视图的高级函数都会在开头调用 logging.debug 。这些日志消息将报告函数/方法中使用的任何重要信息。由于消息是在 DEBUG 级别记录的，因此您可以通过简单的配置更改来打开/关闭它们。

或者，虽然不复杂，但甚至忘记 logging 模块并暂时放入 print 语句直到发现问题可能会更快。

以下是我编写的一些代码，用于使用旋转日志文件初始化 logging 模块：

import pytz

timestamp_detailed_format = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f %Z'

def detailed_format(date):
  u"Given a datetime object return a detailed representation including fractional seconds and time zone"
  return unicode(date.strftime(timestamp_detailed_format))

def localize_epoch_time(epoch_time, timezone=pytz.UTC):
  u"Given an epoch time return an accurate, timezone-aware datetime object"
  t = localtime(epoch_time)
  epochdt = datetime(*(t[:6] + (int((epoch_time - long(epoch_time)) * 1000000),))).astimezone(timezone)
  if hasattr(timezone, 'normalize'):  # pytz tzinfo objects have this
    return timezone.normalize(epochdt)
  else: # tzinfo object not from pytz module
    return epochdt

class TimezoneAwareFormatter(logging.Formatter):
  u"custom log formatter using timezone-aware timestamps"
  def __init__(self, logformat=None, timezone=pytz.UTC):
    logging.Formatter.__init__(self, logformat)
    self._timezone = timezone
  def formatTime(self, record, _=None):
    u"times will be formatted as YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.ssssss TZ"
    return detailed_format(localize_epoch_time(record.created, self._timezone))

def simple_log_file(filename, logname=None, level=logging.NOTSET,
                    threshold=10485760, generations=2, quiet=False, timezone=pytz.UTC):
  u"initialize logging API for a simple generational log file, return logger object"
  formatter = TimezoneAwareFormatter('%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s', timezone)
  handler = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler(filename, 'a', threshold, generations, 'UTF-8')
  handler.setFormatter(formatter)
  logger = logging.getLogger(logname)
  logger.addHandler(handler)
  logger.setLevel(level)
  if not quiet: logger.info(u'Logging to this destination has started')
  return logger

I would place calls to logging.debug at the top of each event handler function/method in my GUI code that represents a "user action", i.e. mouse clicks, enter key. Also any high-level function that updates the view would have a logging.debug call at the beginning. These log messages would report any important information used in the function/method. Because the messages are logged at DEBUG level, you can turn them on/off with a simple configuration change.

Alternatively, while unsophisticated, it might be faster to forget even the logging module and put in print statements temporarily until you find the problem.

Here's some code I wrote to initialize the logging module with a rotating log file:

import pytz

timestamp_detailed_format = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f %Z'

def detailed_format(date):
  u"Given a datetime object return a detailed representation including fractional seconds and time zone"
  return unicode(date.strftime(timestamp_detailed_format))

def localize_epoch_time(epoch_time, timezone=pytz.UTC):
  u"Given an epoch time return an accurate, timezone-aware datetime object"
  t = localtime(epoch_time)
  epochdt = datetime(*(t[:6] + (int((epoch_time - long(epoch_time)) * 1000000),))).astimezone(timezone)
  if hasattr(timezone, 'normalize'):  # pytz tzinfo objects have this
    return timezone.normalize(epochdt)
  else: # tzinfo object not from pytz module
    return epochdt

class TimezoneAwareFormatter(logging.Formatter):
  u"custom log formatter using timezone-aware timestamps"
  def __init__(self, logformat=None, timezone=pytz.UTC):
    logging.Formatter.__init__(self, logformat)
    self._timezone = timezone
  def formatTime(self, record, _=None):
    u"times will be formatted as YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.ssssss TZ"
    return detailed_format(localize_epoch_time(record.created, self._timezone))

def simple_log_file(filename, logname=None, level=logging.NOTSET,
                    threshold=10485760, generations=2, quiet=False, timezone=pytz.UTC):
  u"initialize logging API for a simple generational log file, return logger object"
  formatter = TimezoneAwareFormatter('%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s', timezone)
  handler = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler(filename, 'a', threshold, generations, 'UTF-8')
  handler.setFormatter(formatter)
  logger = logging.getLogger(logname)
  logger.addHandler(handler)
  logger.setLevel(level)
  if not quiet: logger.info(u'Logging to this destination has started')
  return logger

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