optparse()：输入验证

发布于 2024-11-19 23:36:53 字数 565 浏览 6 评论 0原文

如果已经在某处得到答复，我提前表示歉意；从上个小时起我就一直在 python 网站上。但不太清楚我该怎么做。我的脚本应该采用这样的选项：

myScript.py -f <file-name> -e [/ -d]
myScript.py -s <string> -e [/ -d]
myScript.py -f <file-name> [/ -s <string>] -e -w [<file_name>]

即 -f/-s,-e/-d 是强制选项，但-f和-s不能一起使用，与-e和-d options - 不能一起使用。我怎样才能把支票到位？

另一个问题，如果我可以同时问：我如何使用带有或不带有 oa 值的 -w 选项（使用时）？当未提供任何值时，应采用默认值，否则采用提供的值。非常感谢任何帮助。干杯！！

原文

My apology in advance if it's already answered somewhere; I've been in the python site since last hr. but didn't quite figure out how I can I do this. My script should take the options like this:

myScript.py -f <file-name> -e [/ -d]
myScript.py -s <string> -e [/ -d]
myScript.py -f <file-name> [/ -s <string>] -e -w [<file_name>]

i.e. -f/-s,-e/-d are mandatory options but -f&-s cannot be used together and the same as with -e&-d options - cannot be used together. How can I put the check in place?

Another question, if I may ask at the same time: How can I use -w option (when used) with or w/o a value? When no value is supplied, it should take the default value otherwise the supplied one.
Any help greatly appreciated. Cheers!!

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乖乖哒 2024-11-26 23:36:53

我已经有一段时间没有使用 optparse 做过任何事情了，但我简要浏览了 docs 和一个旧程序。

“-f/-s、-e/-d 是强制选项，但 -f 和 -s 不能一起使用，并且与 -e 和 -d 选项相同 - 不能一起使用。我怎样才能把检查到位？”

为了相互排他性，您必须自己进行检查，例如：

parser.add_option("-e", help="e desc", dest="e_opt", action="store_true")
parser.add_option("-d", help="d desc", dest="d_opt", action="store_true")
(opts, args) = parser.parse_args()
if (parser.has_option("-e") and parser.has_option("-d")):
    print "Error!  Found both d and e options.  You can't do that!"
    sys.exit(1)

由于此处的示例选项是布尔值，因此您可以将上面的 if 行替换为：

if (opts.e_opt and opts.d_opt):

请参阅 optparse 如何处理错误了解更多信息。

“如何使用带有或不带 oa 值的 -w 选项（使用时）？”

我从来没有找到一种方法来使用 optparse 选项，而该选项的值是可选的。 AFAIK，您必须将选项设置为具有值或不具有值。我最接近的是为选项指定默认值它必须有一个值。那么不必在命令行上指定该条目。示例代码：

parser.add_option("-w", help="warning", dest="warn", default=0)

附带一个（希望有帮助的）建议：

如果您看过文档，您确实看到了关于“强制选项”是如何矛盾的部分，对吧？ ;-p 抛开幽默不谈，您可能需要考虑重新设计界面，以便：

不需要使用“选项”输入所需的信息。
只有一个参数（或一组参数）输入的数据可能是互斥的。换句话说，用“-e on”或“-e off”代替“-e”或“-d”。如果您想要“-v”表示详细，“-q”表示安静/详细关闭，您可以将这些值存储到一个变量中：

parser.add_option("-v", help="verbose on", dest="verbose", action="store_true")
parser.add_option("-q", help="verbose off", dest="verbose", action="store_false")

这个特定示例是从处理布尔（标志）选项。对于类似的内容，您可能还需要查看分组选项部分;这个功能我没用过，就不多说了。

It's been a while since I did anything with optparse, but I took a brief look through the docs and an old program.

"-f/-s,-e/-d are mandatory options but -f&-s cannot be used together and the same as with -e&-d options - cannot be used together. How can I put the check in place?"

For mutual exclusivity, you have to do the check yourself, for example:

parser.add_option("-e", help="e desc", dest="e_opt", action="store_true")
parser.add_option("-d", help="d desc", dest="d_opt", action="store_true")
(opts, args) = parser.parse_args()
if (parser.has_option("-e") and parser.has_option("-d")):
    print "Error!  Found both d and e options.  You can't do that!"
    sys.exit(1)

Since the example options here are boolean, you could replace the if line above with:

if (opts.e_opt and opts.d_opt):

See the section How optparse handles errors for more.

"How can I use -w option (when used) with or w/o a value?"

I've never figured out a way to have an optparse option for which a value is, well, optional. AFAIK, you have to set the option up to have values or to not have values. The closest I've come is to specify a default value for an option which must have a value. Then that entry doesn't have to be specified on the command line. Sample code :

parser.add_option("-w", help="warning", dest="warn", default=0)

An aside with a (hopefully helpful) suggestion:

If you saw the docs, you did see the part about how "mandatory options" is an oxymoron, right? ;-p Humor aside, you may want to consider re-designing the interface, so that:

Required information isn't entered using an "option".
Only one argument (or group of arguments) enters data which could be mutually exclusive. In other words, instead of "-e" or "-d", have "-e on" or "-e off". If you want something like "-v" for verbose and "-q" for quiet/verbose off, you can store the values into one variable:

parser.add_option("-v", help="verbose on", dest="verbose", action="store_true")
parser.add_option("-q", help="verbose off", dest="verbose", action="store_false")

This particular example is borrowed (with slight expansion) from the section Handling boolean (flag) options. For something like this you might also want to check out the Grouping Options section; I've not used this feature, so won't say more about it.

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南城旧梦 2024-11-26 23:36:53

如果您使用的是 2.7+，您应该尝试使用 argparse。
此部分应该是您想要的。

Tl;dr：

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
group.add_argument('--foo', action='store_true')
group.add_argument('--bar', action='store_false')

使 --foo 和 --bar 互斥。有关使用 ArgumentParser 的更多信息，请参阅详细的 argparse 用法。

请记住，optparse 已被弃用，因此使用 argparse 是一种无论如何，这是个好主意。

You should try with argparse if you are using 2.7+.
This section should be what you want.

Tl;dr:

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
group.add_argument('--foo', action='store_true')
group.add_argument('--bar', action='store_false')

makes --foo and --bar mutually exclusive. See detailed argparse usage for more informations on using ArgumentParsers

Remember that optparse is deprecated, so using argparse is a good idea anyway.

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