ANTLR:从不同的语法调用规则

发布于 2024-11-19 20:05:09 字数 335 浏览 5 评论 0原文

是否可以从不同的语法调用规则?
目的是在同一个文件中包含两种语言,第二种语言以 (begin ...) 开头,其中 ... 是第二种语言。该语法应该调用另一个语法来解析该第二种语言。

例如:


grammar A;

start_rule
    :    '(' 'begin' B.program ')' //or something like that
    ;


grammar B;

program
    :   something* EOF
    ;

something
    : ...
    ;

is it possible to invoke a rule from a different grammar?
the purpose is to have two languages in the same file, the second language starting by an (begin ...) where ... is in the second language. the grammar should invoke another grammar to parse that second language.

for example:


grammar A;

start_rule
    :    '(' 'begin' B.program ')' //or something like that
    ;


grammar B;

program
    :   something* EOF
    ;

something
    : ...
    ;

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卖梦商人 2024-11-26 20:05:09

您的问题可以(至少)两种方式解释:

  1. 将大型语法中的规则分离为单独的语法;
  2. 解析“主要”语言中的一种单独的语言(岛屿语法)。

我认为这是第一个,在这种情况下您可以导入语法。

选项 1 的演示:

file: Lg

lexer grammar L;

Digit
  :  '0'..'9'
  ;

file: Sub.g

parser grammar Sub;

number
  :  Digit+
  ;

file: Root.g

grammar Root;

import Sub;

parse
  :  number EOF {System.out.println("Parsed: " + $number.text);}
  ;

file: Main.java

import org.antlr.runtime.*;

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    L lexer = new L(new ANTLRStringStream("42"));
    CommonTokenStream tokens = new CommonTokenStream(lexer);
    RootParser parser = new RootParser(tokens);
    parser.parse();
  }
}

运行演示:

bart@hades:~/Programming/ANTLR/Demos/Composite$ java -cp antlr-3.3.jar org.antlr.Tool L.g
bart@hades:~/Programming/ANTLR/Demos/Composite$ java -cp antlr-3.3.jar org.antlr.Tool Root.g 
bart@hades:~/Programming/ANTLR/Demos/Composite$ javac -cp antlr-3.3.jar *.java
bart@hades:~/Programming/ANTLR/Demos/Composite$ java -cp .:antlr-3.3.jar Main

它将打印:

Parsed: 42

到控制台。

更多信息,请参阅:http://www.antlr.org/wiki/display/ ANTLR3/Composite+Grammars

选项 2 的演示:

语言中的语言的一个很好的例子是正则表达式。您拥有带有元字符的“正常”正则表达式语言,但其中还有另一种:描述字符集(或字符类)的语言。

您可以简单地将字符集视为单个标记由 [ 组成,然后是正则表达式语法中直到并包括 ] 的所有内容(其中可能包含 \]!)。当您在解析器规则之一中偶然发现 CharSet 标记时,您将调用 CharSet 解析器。

文件:Regex.g

grammar Regex;

options { 
  output=AST;
}

tokens {
  REGEX;
  ATOM;
  CHARSET;
  INT;
  GROUP;
  CONTENTS;
}

@members {
  public static CommonTree ast(String source) throws RecognitionException {
    RegexLexer lexer = new RegexLexer(new ANTLRStringStream(source));
    RegexParser parser = new RegexParser(new CommonTokenStream(lexer));
    return (CommonTree)parser.parse().getTree();
  }
}

parse
  :  atom+ EOF -> ^(REGEX atom+)
  ;

atom
  :  group quantifier?     -> ^(ATOM group quantifier?)
  |  EscapeSeq quantifier? -> ^(ATOM EscapeSeq quantifier?)
  |  Other quantifier?     -> ^(ATOM Other quantifier?)
  |  CharSet quantifier?   -> ^(CHARSET {CharSetParser.ast($CharSet.text)} quantifier?)
  ;

group
  :  '(' atom+ ')' -> ^(GROUP atom+)
  ;

quantifier
  :  '+'
  |  '*'
  ;

CharSet
  :  '[' (('\\' .) | ~('\\' | ']'))+ ']'
  ;

EscapeSeq
  :  '\\' .
  ;

Other
  :  ~('\\' | '(' | ')' | '[' | ']' | '+' | '*')
  ;

文件:CharSet.g

grammar CharSet;

options { 
  output=AST;
}

tokens {
  NORMAL_CHAR_SET;
  NEGATED_CHAR_SET;
  RANGE;
}

@members {
  public static CommonTree ast(String source) throws RecognitionException {
    CharSetLexer lexer = new CharSetLexer(new ANTLRStringStream(source));
    CharSetParser parser = new CharSetParser(new CommonTokenStream(lexer));
    return (CommonTree)parser.parse().getTree();
  }
}

parse
  :  OSqBr ( normal  -> ^(NORMAL_CHAR_SET normal)
           | negated -> ^(NEGATED_CHAR_SET negated)
           ) 
     CSqBr
  ;

normal
  :  (EscapeSeq | Hyphen | Other) atom* Hyphen?
  ;

negated
  :  Caret normal -> normal
  ;

atom
  :  EscapeSeq
  |  Caret
  |  Other
  |  range
  ;

range
  :  from=Other Hyphen to=Other -> ^(RANGE $from $to)
  ;

OSqBr
      :  '['
  ;

CSqBr
  :  ']'
  ;

EscapeSeq
  :  '\\' .
  ;

Caret
  :  '^'
  ;

Hyphen
  :  '-'
  ;

Other
  :  ~('-' | '\\' | '[' | ']')
  ;

文件:Main.java

import org.antlr.runtime.*;
import org.antlr.runtime.tree.*;
import org.antlr.stringtemplate.*;

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    CommonTree tree = RegexParser.ast("((xyz)*[^\\da-f])foo");
    DOTTreeGenerator gen = new DOTTreeGenerator();
    StringTemplate st = gen.toDOT(tree);
    System.out.println(st);
  }
}

如果运行主类,您将看到 DOT 输出,它是以下树:

在此处输入图像描述

神奇之处在于 atomRegex.g 语法code> 规则,其中我通过调用 CharSetParser 类中的静态 ast 方法在重写规则中插入树节点:

CharSet ... -> ^(... {CharSetParser.ast($CharSet.text)} ...)

请注意,在此类重写规则中,必须有 不是分号!因此,这是错误的:{CharSetParser.ast($CharSet.text);}

编辑

以下是如何为两种语法创建树遍历器:

file: RegexWalker.g

tree grammar RegexWalker;

options {
  tokenVocab=Regex;
  ASTLabelType=CommonTree;
}

walk
  :  ^(REGEX atom+) {System.out.println("REGEX: " + $start.toStringTree());}
  ;

atom
  :  ^(ATOM group quantifier?)
  |  ^(ATOM EscapeSeq quantifier?)
  |  ^(ATOM Other quantifier?)
  |  ^(CHARSET t=. quantifier?) {CharSetWalker.walk($t);}
  ;

group
  :  ^(GROUP atom+)
  ;

quantifier
  :  '+'
  |  '*'
  ;

file: CharSetWalker.g

tree grammar CharSetWalker;

options {
  tokenVocab=CharSet;
  ASTLabelType=CommonTree;
}

@members {
  public static void walk(CommonTree tree) {
    try {
      CommonTreeNodeStream nodes = new CommonTreeNodeStream(tree);
      CharSetWalker walker = new CharSetWalker(nodes);
      walker.walk();
    } catch(Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
}

walk
  :  ^(NORMAL_CHAR_SET normal)  {System.out.println("NORMAL_CHAR_SET: " + $start.toStringTree());}
  |  ^(NEGATED_CHAR_SET normal) {System.out.println("NEGATED_CHAR_SET: " + $start.toStringTree());}
  ;

normal
  :  (EscapeSeq | Hyphen | Other) atom* Hyphen?
  ;

atom
  :  EscapeSeq
  |  Caret
  |  Other
  |  range
  ;

range
  :  ^(RANGE Other Other)
  ;

Main.java

import org.antlr.runtime.*;
import org.antlr.runtime.tree.*;
import org.antlr.stringtemplate.*;

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    CommonTree tree = RegexParser.ast("((xyz)*[^\\da-f])foo");
    CommonTreeNodeStream nodes = new CommonTreeNodeStream(tree);
    RegexWalker walker = new RegexWalker(nodes);
    walker.walk();
  }
}

要运行演示,请执行:

java -cp antlr-3.3.jar org.antlr.Tool CharSet.g 
java -cp antlr-3.3.jar org.antlr.Tool Regex.g
java -cp antlr-3.3.jar org.antlr.Tool CharSetWalker.g
java -cp antlr-3.3.jar org.antlr.Tool RegexWalker.g 
javac -cp antlr-3.3.jar *.java
java -cp .:antlr-3.3.jar Main

它将打印:

NEGATED_CHAR_SET: (NEGATED_CHAR_SET \d (RANGE a f))
REGEX: (REGEX (ATOM (GROUP (ATOM (GROUP (ATOM x) (ATOM y) (ATOM z)) *) (CHARSET (NEGATED_CHAR_SET \d (RANGE a f))))) (ATOM f) (ATOM o) (ATOM o))

Your question could be interpreted in (at least) two ways:

  1. separate rules from a large grammar into separate grammars;
  2. parse a separate language inside your "main" language (island grammar).

I assume it's the first, in which case you can import grammars.

A demo for option 1:

file: L.g

lexer grammar L;

Digit
  :  '0'..'9'
  ;

file: Sub.g

parser grammar Sub;

number
  :  Digit+
  ;

file: Root.g

grammar Root;

import Sub;

parse
  :  number EOF {System.out.println("Parsed: " + $number.text);}
  ;

file: Main.java

import org.antlr.runtime.*;

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    L lexer = new L(new ANTLRStringStream("42"));
    CommonTokenStream tokens = new CommonTokenStream(lexer);
    RootParser parser = new RootParser(tokens);
    parser.parse();
  }
}

Run the demo:

bart@hades:~/Programming/ANTLR/Demos/Composite$ java -cp antlr-3.3.jar org.antlr.Tool L.g
bart@hades:~/Programming/ANTLR/Demos/Composite$ java -cp antlr-3.3.jar org.antlr.Tool Root.g 
bart@hades:~/Programming/ANTLR/Demos/Composite$ javac -cp antlr-3.3.jar *.java
bart@hades:~/Programming/ANTLR/Demos/Composite$ java -cp .:antlr-3.3.jar Main

which will print:

Parsed: 42

to the console.

More info, see: http://www.antlr.org/wiki/display/ANTLR3/Composite+Grammars

A demo for option 2:

A nice example of a language inside a language is regex. You have the "normal" regex language with its meta characters, but there's another one in it: the language that describes a character set (or character class).

Instead of accounting for the meta characters of a character set (range -, negation ^, etc.) inside your regex-grammar, you could simply consider a character set as a single token consisting of a [ and then everything up to and including ] (with possibly \] in it!) inside your regex-grammar. When you then stumble upon a CharSet token in one of your parser rules, you invoke the CharSet-parser.

file: Regex.g

grammar Regex;

options { 
  output=AST;
}

tokens {
  REGEX;
  ATOM;
  CHARSET;
  INT;
  GROUP;
  CONTENTS;
}

@members {
  public static CommonTree ast(String source) throws RecognitionException {
    RegexLexer lexer = new RegexLexer(new ANTLRStringStream(source));
    RegexParser parser = new RegexParser(new CommonTokenStream(lexer));
    return (CommonTree)parser.parse().getTree();
  }
}

parse
  :  atom+ EOF -> ^(REGEX atom+)
  ;

atom
  :  group quantifier?     -> ^(ATOM group quantifier?)
  |  EscapeSeq quantifier? -> ^(ATOM EscapeSeq quantifier?)
  |  Other quantifier?     -> ^(ATOM Other quantifier?)
  |  CharSet quantifier?   -> ^(CHARSET {CharSetParser.ast($CharSet.text)} quantifier?)
  ;

group
  :  '(' atom+ ')' -> ^(GROUP atom+)
  ;

quantifier
  :  '+'
  |  '*'
  ;

CharSet
  :  '[' (('\\' .) | ~('\\' | ']'))+ ']'
  ;

EscapeSeq
  :  '\\' .
  ;

Other
  :  ~('\\' | '(' | ')' | '[' | ']' | '+' | '*')
  ;

file: CharSet.g

grammar CharSet;

options { 
  output=AST;
}

tokens {
  NORMAL_CHAR_SET;
  NEGATED_CHAR_SET;
  RANGE;
}

@members {
  public static CommonTree ast(String source) throws RecognitionException {
    CharSetLexer lexer = new CharSetLexer(new ANTLRStringStream(source));
    CharSetParser parser = new CharSetParser(new CommonTokenStream(lexer));
    return (CommonTree)parser.parse().getTree();
  }
}

parse
  :  OSqBr ( normal  -> ^(NORMAL_CHAR_SET normal)
           | negated -> ^(NEGATED_CHAR_SET negated)
           ) 
     CSqBr
  ;

normal
  :  (EscapeSeq | Hyphen | Other) atom* Hyphen?
  ;

negated
  :  Caret normal -> normal
  ;

atom
  :  EscapeSeq
  |  Caret
  |  Other
  |  range
  ;

range
  :  from=Other Hyphen to=Other -> ^(RANGE $from $to)
  ;

OSqBr
      :  '['
  ;

CSqBr
  :  ']'
  ;

EscapeSeq
  :  '\\' .
  ;

Caret
  :  '^'
  ;

Hyphen
  :  '-'
  ;

Other
  :  ~('-' | '\\' | '[' | ']')
  ;

file: Main.java

import org.antlr.runtime.*;
import org.antlr.runtime.tree.*;
import org.antlr.stringtemplate.*;

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    CommonTree tree = RegexParser.ast("((xyz)*[^\\da-f])foo");
    DOTTreeGenerator gen = new DOTTreeGenerator();
    StringTemplate st = gen.toDOT(tree);
    System.out.println(st);
  }
}

And if you run the main class, you will see the DOT output for the regex ((xyz)*[^\\da-f])foo which is the following tree:

enter image description here

The magic is inside the Regex.g grammar in the atom rule where I inserted a tree node in a rewrite rule by invoking the static ast method from the CharSetParser class:

CharSet ... -> ^(... {CharSetParser.ast($CharSet.text)} ...)

Note that inside such rewrite rules, there must not be a semi colon! So, this would be wrong: {CharSetParser.ast($CharSet.text);}.

EDIT

And here's how to create tree walkers for both grammars:

file: RegexWalker.g

tree grammar RegexWalker;

options {
  tokenVocab=Regex;
  ASTLabelType=CommonTree;
}

walk
  :  ^(REGEX atom+) {System.out.println("REGEX: " + $start.toStringTree());}
  ;

atom
  :  ^(ATOM group quantifier?)
  |  ^(ATOM EscapeSeq quantifier?)
  |  ^(ATOM Other quantifier?)
  |  ^(CHARSET t=. quantifier?) {CharSetWalker.walk($t);}
  ;

group
  :  ^(GROUP atom+)
  ;

quantifier
  :  '+'
  |  '*'
  ;

file: CharSetWalker.g

tree grammar CharSetWalker;

options {
  tokenVocab=CharSet;
  ASTLabelType=CommonTree;
}

@members {
  public static void walk(CommonTree tree) {
    try {
      CommonTreeNodeStream nodes = new CommonTreeNodeStream(tree);
      CharSetWalker walker = new CharSetWalker(nodes);
      walker.walk();
    } catch(Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
}

walk
  :  ^(NORMAL_CHAR_SET normal)  {System.out.println("NORMAL_CHAR_SET: " + $start.toStringTree());}
  |  ^(NEGATED_CHAR_SET normal) {System.out.println("NEGATED_CHAR_SET: " + $start.toStringTree());}
  ;

normal
  :  (EscapeSeq | Hyphen | Other) atom* Hyphen?
  ;

atom
  :  EscapeSeq
  |  Caret
  |  Other
  |  range
  ;

range
  :  ^(RANGE Other Other)
  ;

Main.java

import org.antlr.runtime.*;
import org.antlr.runtime.tree.*;
import org.antlr.stringtemplate.*;

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    CommonTree tree = RegexParser.ast("((xyz)*[^\\da-f])foo");
    CommonTreeNodeStream nodes = new CommonTreeNodeStream(tree);
    RegexWalker walker = new RegexWalker(nodes);
    walker.walk();
  }
}

To run the demo, do:

java -cp antlr-3.3.jar org.antlr.Tool CharSet.g 
java -cp antlr-3.3.jar org.antlr.Tool Regex.g
java -cp antlr-3.3.jar org.antlr.Tool CharSetWalker.g
java -cp antlr-3.3.jar org.antlr.Tool RegexWalker.g 
javac -cp antlr-3.3.jar *.java
java -cp .:antlr-3.3.jar Main

which will print:

NEGATED_CHAR_SET: (NEGATED_CHAR_SET \d (RANGE a f))
REGEX: (REGEX (ATOM (GROUP (ATOM (GROUP (ATOM x) (ATOM y) (ATOM z)) *) (CHARSET (NEGATED_CHAR_SET \d (RANGE a f))))) (ATOM f) (ATOM o) (ATOM o))
~没有更多了~
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