在Windows上使用PuTTY进行git推送失败(致命:远程端意外挂断)
由于准备好进行第一次 git Push,我很兴奋,在我的 cygwin 环境中为 PuTTY
创建了一个别名:
alias ssh="/cygdrive/c/PROGRA~2/putty/PUTTY.EXE"
然后调用(当然,在我的工作目录中),只需正如git 社区书籍第 47 页所述:
git push ssh://mylinuxserver/~winwin/gitrepo master:master
我的兴奋并没有持续很长时间,因为它立即失败并出现致命错误:
error: cannot run ssh: No such file or directory
fatal: unable to fork
考虑到我能够成功运行,从相同的命令行和 shell 实例,ssh winwin@mylinuxserver
我很惊讶收到此错误消息。
知道为什么会发生这种情况以及如何解决这个问题吗?
更新一:感谢本指南,我发现 PUTTY .EXE 不是在 git 中使用的正确 exe。相反,应该使用PLINK.EXE。
该指南还暗示应该使用名为 GIT_SSH 的环境变量来让 git 知道如何发挥作用。所以,我:
~/sb/ws> export GIT_SSH=/cygdrive/c/PROGRA~2/putty/PLINK.EXE
~/sb/ws> git push ssh://mylinuxserver/~winwin/gitrepo master:master
现在我收到了一个不同的错误:
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
我认为这个进展是在正确的方向上,但我仍然不知道如何解决问题。任何想法将不胜感激。
更新二:仍在尝试解决这个谜团。这次我怀疑,由于 git push 不会在任何地方提示输入用户名+密码,身份验证必须位于密钥内......因此,我仔细检查了 sshd 配置此操作方法。我发现唯一需要更改的是取消注释 /etc/ssh/sshd_config
中的 HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
行并重新启动服务 service sshd restart
。此后第一次,$GIT_SSH
确实提示确认服务器的 dss 密钥指纹,并且我确认将密钥存储在缓存中,但是......问题仍然存在:
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
其他想法?
(PuTTY 的注册表现在包含同一服务器的两个密钥:rsa2@22:mylinuxserver
和 dss@22:mylinuxserver
。嗯...我不确定这意味着什么)
更多诊断信息:输入$GIT_SSH -v
得到:
~/sb/ws> $GIT_SSH -v
Looking up host "mylinuxserver"
Connecting to 192.168.1.2 port 22
Server version: SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_4.2
We claim version: SSH-2.0-PuTTY_Release_0.60
Using SSH protocol version 2
Doing Diffie-Hellman group exchange
Doing Diffie-Hellman key exchange with hash SHA-1
Host key fingerprint is:
ssh-dss 1024 c8:77:42:4f:76:29:56:4c:ea:b0:11:6a:a6:3c:6a:f7
Initialised AES-256 SDCTR client->server encryption
Initialised HMAC-SHA1 client->server MAC algorithm
Initialised AES-256 SDCTR server->client encryption
Initialised HMAC-SHA1 server->client MAC algorithm
login as: winwin
winwin@mylinuxserver's password:
Sent password
Access granted
Opened channel for session
Allocated pty (ospeed 38400bps, ispeed 38400bps)
Started a shell/command
Last login: Wed Jul 13 21:41:12 2011 from winmachine
你能发现任何可疑的东西吗?
到达那里:到目前为止,适合我的情况的最佳指南:Git、SSH、PuTTY。
见解:
- 就必须运行
$GIT_SSH -agent
- 一旦PAGEANT.EXE 必须在后台运行(并且私钥通过其系统托盘图标添加到其中!),
- !) PUTTYGEN.EXE 必须用于生成公钥/私钥对
- dss 不是强制性的,rsa 就足够了。
- 更多? (除非 $GIT_SSH -2 -C -i C:\\Users\\winwin\\SSH\\private.ppk 在没有密码提示的情况下成功,否则尝试 git push 是没有意义的...)
复制后将 PuTTY 密钥生成器中的公钥粘贴到 mylinuxserver
中的 /home/winwin/.ssh/authorized_keys
时,会显示一条新消息来响应上面见解 #5 中的命令:
Server refused our key
这是一个好兆头...:)我想我正在解开这个谜团。
更新 III: 在 sshd 服务器上的 /etc/ssh/sshd_config
中将 StrictModes
更改为 no 后,我管理了使用 $GIT_SSH -2 -C -i C:\\Users\\winwin\\SSH\\private.ppk
成功。但它仍然提示输入用户名(但不提示输入密码)。
然而 git push ssh://mylinuxserver/~winwin/gitrepo master:master 仍然失败 - 并显示相同的错误消息:
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
这太疯狂了。
更新 IV: PLINK 的 -l username
参数是关键。通过创建 1 行 shell 脚本 /cygdrive/c/PROGRA~2/putty/PLINK.EXE -l winwin $*
,我成功地使 git Push 登录成功并将整个脚本的路径导出到$GIT_SSH,但“远程端仍然意外挂起”。
这是我在客户端(Windows/PuTTY)端得到的结果:
~/sb/ws> git push ssh://mylinuxserver/~winwin/gitrepo master:master
Environment:
USER=winwin
LOGNAME=winwin
HOME=/home/winwin
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin
MAIL=/var/mail/winwin
SHELL=/bin/bash
SSH_CLIENT=192.168.1.8 50951 22
SSH_CONNECTION=192.168.1.8 50951 192.168.14.2 22
bash: mylinuxserver: command not found
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
这是我在服务器端(Linux/sshd)端得到的结果:
debug1: sshd version OpenSSH_4.2p1
debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA
debug1: private host key: #0 type 1 RSA
debug1: read PEM private key done: type DSA
debug1: private host key: #1 type 2 DSA
debug1: rexec_argv[0]='/usr/sbin/sshd'
debug1: rexec_argv[1]='-d'
debug1: Bind to port 22 on ::.
Server listening on :: port 22.
debug1: Bind to port 22 on 0.0.0.0.
Bind to port 22 on 0.0.0.0 failed: Address already in use.
debug1: Server will not fork when running in debugging mode.
debug1: rexec start in 4 out 4 newsock 4 pipe -1 sock 7
debug1: inetd sockets after dupping: 3, 3
Connection from 192.168.1.8 port 50951
debug1: Client protocol version 2.0; client software version PuTTY_Release_0.60
debug1: no match: PuTTY_Release_0.60
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_4.2
debug1: permanently_set_uid: 74/74
debug1: list_hostkey_types: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: client->server aes256-ctr hmac-sha1 none
debug1: kex: server->client aes256-ctr hmac-sha1 none
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST_OLD received
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: KEX done
debug1: userauth-request for user winwin service ssh-connection method none
debug1: attempt 0 failures 0
debug1: PAM: initializing for "winwin"
debug1: PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to "win7client"
debug1: PAM: setting PAM_TTY to "ssh"
Failed none for winwin from 192.168.1.8 port 50951 ssh2
debug1: userauth-request for user winwin service ssh-connection method publickey
debug1: attempt 1 failures 1
debug1: test whether pkalg/pkblob are acceptable
debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 513/513 (e=0/0)
debug1: trying public key file /home/winwin/.ssh/authorized_keys
debug1: matching key found: file /home/winwin/.ssh/authorized_keys, line 1
Found matching RSA key: bd:a6:4a:6a:04:43:8d:60:d9:bf:66:de:51:13:83:66
debug1: restore_uid: 0/0
Postponed publickey for winwin from 192.168.1.8 port 50951 ssh2
debug1: userauth-request for user winwin service ssh-connection method publickey
debug1: attempt 2 failures 1
debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 513/513 (e=0/0)
debug1: trying public key file /home/winwin/.ssh/authorized_keys
debug1: matching key found: file /home/winwin/.ssh/authorized_keys, line 1
Found matching RSA key: bd:a6:4a:6a:04:43:8d:60:d9:bf:66:de:51:13:83:66
debug1: restore_uid: 0/0
debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct
debug1: do_pam_account: called
Accepted publickey for winwin from 192.168.1.8 port 50951 ssh2
debug1: monitor_child_preauth: winwin has been authenticated by privileged process
Accepted publickey for winwin from 192.168.1.8 port 50951 ssh2
debug1: PAM: reinitializing credentials
debug1: permanently_set_uid: 513/513
debug1: Entering interactive session for SSH2.
debug1: server_init_dispatch_20
debug1: server_input_channel_open: ctype session rchan 256 win 16384 max 16384
debug1: input_session_request
debug1: channel 0: new [server-session]
debug1: session_new: init
debug1: session_new: session 0
debug1: session_open: channel 0
debug1: session_open: session 0: link with channel 0
debug1: server_input_channel_open: confirm session
debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request exec reply 1
debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0
debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req exec
debug1: Received SIGCHLD.
debug1: session_by_pid: pid 3441
debug1: session_exit_message: session 0 channel 0 pid 3441
debug1: session_exit_message: release channel 0
debug1: session_close: session 0 pid 3441
debug1: channel 0: free: server-session, nchannels 1
Connection closed by 192.168.1.8
debug1: do_cleanup
debug1: PAM: cleanup
Closing connection to 192.168.1.8
debug1: PAM: cleanup
需要最后一条线索...
- bash: mylinuxserver: 命令是什么未找到 是什么意思?
- git push 正在尝试运行什么?
- 哪个命令?
- 在客户端还是 SSH 服务器上?
Excited about being ready to do my first git push
ever, I created an alias for PuTTY
in my cygwin environment:
alias ssh="/cygdrive/c/PROGRA~2/putty/PUTTY.EXE"
Then invoked (inside my working directory, of course), just as explained in page 47 in the git community book:
git push ssh://mylinuxserver/~winwin/gitrepo master:master
My excitement didn't last very long, as it immediately failed with a fatal error:
error: cannot run ssh: No such file or directory
fatal: unable to fork
Considering that I am able to run successfully, from the same exact command line and shell instance, ssh winwin@mylinuxserver
I am very surprised to receive this error message.
Any idea why this is happening and how to fix this?
UPDATE I: Thanks to this guide, I discovered that PUTTY.EXE is not the correct exe to use in git. Instead, one should be using PLINK.EXE.
That guide also hints that an environment variable, named GIT_SSH, should be used to let git know how to do the magic. So, I:
~/sb/ws> export GIT_SSH=/cygdrive/c/PROGRA~2/putty/PLINK.EXE
~/sb/ws> git push ssh://mylinuxserver/~winwin/gitrepo master:master
And now I am receiving a different error:
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
I consider this progress in the right direction but I still don't know how to solve the problem. Any idea would be very appreciated.
UPDATE II: Still trying to troubleshoot this mystery. This time I suspected that since git push
doesn't prompt for username+password anywhere, authentication must lie within the keys... So, I double-checked sshd
configuration per this howto. The only thing I found as needing change was uncommenting the line HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
in /etc/ssh/sshd_config
and restarting the service service sshd restart
. The first time after that, $GIT_SSH
did prompt for confirming the server's dss key fingerprint and I confirmed storing the key in cache, but... The problem still persists:
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
Additional ideas?
(PuTTY's registry now contain two keys for the same server: rsa2@22:mylinuxserver
and dss@22:mylinuxserver
. Hmmm... I am not sure what this means)
More diagnostic info: Typing $GIT_SSH -v
yields:
~/sb/ws> $GIT_SSH -v
Looking up host "mylinuxserver"
Connecting to 192.168.1.2 port 22
Server version: SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_4.2
We claim version: SSH-2.0-PuTTY_Release_0.60
Using SSH protocol version 2
Doing Diffie-Hellman group exchange
Doing Diffie-Hellman key exchange with hash SHA-1
Host key fingerprint is:
ssh-dss 1024 c8:77:42:4f:76:29:56:4c:ea:b0:11:6a:a6:3c:6a:f7
Initialised AES-256 SDCTR client->server encryption
Initialised HMAC-SHA1 client->server MAC algorithm
Initialised AES-256 SDCTR server->client encryption
Initialised HMAC-SHA1 server->client MAC algorithm
login as: winwin
winwin@mylinuxserver's password:
Sent password
Access granted
Opened channel for session
Allocated pty (ospeed 38400bps, ispeed 38400bps)
Started a shell/command
Last login: Wed Jul 13 21:41:12 2011 from winmachine
Can you spot anything suspicious?
Getting there: By far the best guide for my situation: Git, SSH, PuTTY.
Insights:
$GIT_SSH -agent
must be run once- PAGEANT.EXE must be running in the background (and private key added to it via its systray icon!)
- PUTTYGEN.EXE must be used to generate a public/private keys pair
- dss not mandatory, rsa is good enough.
- More? (unless
$GIT_SSH -2 -C -i C:\\Users\\winwin\\SSH\\private.ppk
succeeds without password prompt, there is no point to even trygit push
...)
After copying & pasting the public key from PuTTY Key Generator to /home/winwin/.ssh/authorized_keys
in mylinuxserver
a new message showed up in response to the command in insight #5 above:
Server refused our key
This is a good sign... :) I think I am on my way to solving the mystery.
UPDATE III: After changing StrictModes
to no in /etc/ssh/sshd_config
on the sshd server, I managed to succeed with $GIT_SSH -2 -C -i C:\\Users\\winwin\\SSH\\private.ppk
. It still prompts for the username, though (but doesn't prompt for password).
git push ssh://mylinuxserver/~winwin/gitrepo master:master
continues to fail however -- with the same error message:
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
This is insane.
UPDATE IV: The -l username
parameter to PLINK is key. I managed to make git push
login successfully, by creating a 1-line shell script /cygdrive/c/PROGRA~2/putty/PLINK.EXE -l winwin $*
and exporting the the entire script's path to $GIT_SSH
, but "the remote end still hangs up unexpectedly".
This is what I am getting on the client (Windows/PuTTY) side:
~/sb/ws> git push ssh://mylinuxserver/~winwin/gitrepo master:master
Environment:
USER=winwin
LOGNAME=winwin
HOME=/home/winwin
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin
MAIL=/var/mail/winwin
SHELL=/bin/bash
SSH_CLIENT=192.168.1.8 50951 22
SSH_CONNECTION=192.168.1.8 50951 192.168.14.2 22
bash: mylinuxserver: command not found
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
And This is what I am getting on the server side (Linux/sshd) side:
debug1: sshd version OpenSSH_4.2p1
debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA
debug1: private host key: #0 type 1 RSA
debug1: read PEM private key done: type DSA
debug1: private host key: #1 type 2 DSA
debug1: rexec_argv[0]='/usr/sbin/sshd'
debug1: rexec_argv[1]='-d'
debug1: Bind to port 22 on ::.
Server listening on :: port 22.
debug1: Bind to port 22 on 0.0.0.0.
Bind to port 22 on 0.0.0.0 failed: Address already in use.
debug1: Server will not fork when running in debugging mode.
debug1: rexec start in 4 out 4 newsock 4 pipe -1 sock 7
debug1: inetd sockets after dupping: 3, 3
Connection from 192.168.1.8 port 50951
debug1: Client protocol version 2.0; client software version PuTTY_Release_0.60
debug1: no match: PuTTY_Release_0.60
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_4.2
debug1: permanently_set_uid: 74/74
debug1: list_hostkey_types: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: client->server aes256-ctr hmac-sha1 none
debug1: kex: server->client aes256-ctr hmac-sha1 none
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST_OLD received
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: KEX done
debug1: userauth-request for user winwin service ssh-connection method none
debug1: attempt 0 failures 0
debug1: PAM: initializing for "winwin"
debug1: PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to "win7client"
debug1: PAM: setting PAM_TTY to "ssh"
Failed none for winwin from 192.168.1.8 port 50951 ssh2
debug1: userauth-request for user winwin service ssh-connection method publickey
debug1: attempt 1 failures 1
debug1: test whether pkalg/pkblob are acceptable
debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 513/513 (e=0/0)
debug1: trying public key file /home/winwin/.ssh/authorized_keys
debug1: matching key found: file /home/winwin/.ssh/authorized_keys, line 1
Found matching RSA key: bd:a6:4a:6a:04:43:8d:60:d9:bf:66:de:51:13:83:66
debug1: restore_uid: 0/0
Postponed publickey for winwin from 192.168.1.8 port 50951 ssh2
debug1: userauth-request for user winwin service ssh-connection method publickey
debug1: attempt 2 failures 1
debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 513/513 (e=0/0)
debug1: trying public key file /home/winwin/.ssh/authorized_keys
debug1: matching key found: file /home/winwin/.ssh/authorized_keys, line 1
Found matching RSA key: bd:a6:4a:6a:04:43:8d:60:d9:bf:66:de:51:13:83:66
debug1: restore_uid: 0/0
debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct
debug1: do_pam_account: called
Accepted publickey for winwin from 192.168.1.8 port 50951 ssh2
debug1: monitor_child_preauth: winwin has been authenticated by privileged process
Accepted publickey for winwin from 192.168.1.8 port 50951 ssh2
debug1: PAM: reinitializing credentials
debug1: permanently_set_uid: 513/513
debug1: Entering interactive session for SSH2.
debug1: server_init_dispatch_20
debug1: server_input_channel_open: ctype session rchan 256 win 16384 max 16384
debug1: input_session_request
debug1: channel 0: new [server-session]
debug1: session_new: init
debug1: session_new: session 0
debug1: session_open: channel 0
debug1: session_open: session 0: link with channel 0
debug1: server_input_channel_open: confirm session
debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request exec reply 1
debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0
debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req exec
debug1: Received SIGCHLD.
debug1: session_by_pid: pid 3441
debug1: session_exit_message: session 0 channel 0 pid 3441
debug1: session_exit_message: release channel 0
debug1: session_close: session 0 pid 3441
debug1: channel 0: free: server-session, nchannels 1
Connection closed by 192.168.1.8
debug1: do_cleanup
debug1: PAM: cleanup
Closing connection to 192.168.1.8
debug1: PAM: cleanup
Last clue needed...
- What does
bash: mylinuxserver: command not found
mean? - What is
git push
trying to run? - Which command?
- On the client or the SSH server?
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使用plink?您可能需要重新创建为 putty 创建的密钥。
http://www.xinotes.org/notes/note/156/
using plink? you might have to recreate the keys which you created for putty.
http://www.xinotes.org/notes/note/156/
我觉得通过 Putty 是造成所有这些问题的原因,但不清楚为什么这是必要的 - 如果您使用 cygwin 那么您已经内置了 ssh。
我通过 cygwin 使用 git 而不是 ssh 没有任何问题。也许是更好的路线?是否有加入腻子的原因,或者是某处指南中推荐的内容?
I feel like going through Putty is what's creating all of these issues but it's not clear why that's necessary - if you're using cygwin then you already have ssh built in.
I use git through cygwin over ssh with no issues. Might be a better route? Was there a reason for incorporating putty or was it something that was recommended in a guide somewhere?
我从未成功地使
git
与PuTTY
一起工作。我这边进一步的时间投入似乎并不能证明投资回报率是合理的,所以我放弃了。I never succeeded making
git
work withPuTTY
. Further time investment on my side didn't seem to justify ROI, so I am giving up.