更改 UNIX 时间以按日和小时模式排列数据

Question

我有一个包含 9 列的输入文件，其中第 6 列和第 7 列分别表示开始和结束 UNIX 时间。 （时间线的总体跨度是1290895200到1291154399，3天）我正在寻找一个perl脚本，它可以接受unix时间来指定一天中的小时，将开始日期计算为第1天并增加相应的时间。是否可以通过检查每行上的时间戳并生成具有以下格式的输出文件来获得（列中的其余值保持不变，仅将 unix 时间戳转换为小时和天）：

.

Hour Day Col3 Col4 Col5 Col6 ..... 
 0    1  .......  
 1    1  ....... 
upto 
 23   3  .... 

Answer 1

假设列中没有空格，Perl '-a' (perldoc perlrun）开关将会很有用。当与 -n 或 -p 组合时，它会自动拆分数组 @F 中的输入。

给定开始时间戳（Unix 时间），很容易将第 6 列或第 7 列（或两者）替换为与开始时间戳相关的小时/天。问题是“您想要在行的开头使用哪个”？

#!/usr/bin/perl -pa
use strict;
use warnings;
my $start = 1290895200;

my $t6_hh = int(($F[5] - $start) / 3600);
my $t6_dd = int($t6_hh / 24) + 1;
   $t6_hh = int($t6_hh % 24);

my $t7_hh = int(($F[6] - $start) / 3600);
my $t7_dd = int($t7_hh / 24) + 1;
   $t7_hh = int($t7_hh % 24);

printf "%2d/%d - %2d/%d ", $t6_hh, $t6_dd, $t7_hh, $t7_dd;
# Perl prints the input line after this because of the -p option

使用此 awk 程序生成一些数据：

awk 'BEGIN{
            for (i = 1290895200; i < 1291154400; i += 3200)
            {
                j = i + rand() * (1291154400 - i);
                k = i + 60 * rand();
                printf "C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 %d %d C8 C9\n", k, j;
            }
        }'

上面的 Perl 脚本生成了以下输出。第 6 列包含给定时间戳范围内的时间，每 3200 秒递增一次，并随机扰动最多 60 秒。第 7 列包含第 6 列中的值和结束时间之间范围内的随机时间。输出以两个小时/天值作为前缀，一个用于第 6 列，一个用于第 7 列。根据您的喜好修改格式。

 0/1 -  0/1 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290895207 1290895202 C8 C9
 0/1 -  6/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290898427 1291091834 C8 C9
 1/1 - 15/2 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290901613 1291036283 C8 C9
 2/1 -  5/1 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290904840 1290916542 C8 C9
 3/1 -  2/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290908056 1291075378 C8 C9
 4/1 -  6/2 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290911231 1291004467 C8 C9
 5/1 - 12/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290914402 1291113831 C8 C9
 6/1 -  9/1 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290917631 1290930259 C8 C9
 7/1 -  2/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290920800 1291077580 C8 C9
 8/1 -  8/2 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290924004 1291012338 C8 C9
 8/1 - 11/2 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290927241 1291022052 C8 C9
 9/1 - 22/2 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290930455 1291062330 C8 C9
10/1 - 14/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290933631 1291120433 C8 C9
11/1 - 17/1 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290936839 1290956811 C8 C9
12/1 - 13/2 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290940042 1291029190 C8 C9
13/1 - 18/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290943245 1291135459 C8 C9
14/1 -  5/2 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290946402 1291000990 C8 C9
15/1 -  8/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290949619 1291100349 C8 C9
16/1 -  3/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290952845 1291080339 C8 C9
16/1 - 23/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290956021 1291152621 C8 C9
17/1 -  7/2 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290959258 1291007421 C8 C9
18/1 -  9/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290962445 1291101150 C8 C9
19/1 -  5/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290965604 1291088606 C8 C9
20/1 -  5/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290968853 1291086031 C8 C9
21/1 - 11/2 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290972026 1291021742 C8 C9
22/1 - 12/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290975228 1291112555 C8 C9
23/1 - 10/2 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290978416 1291020248 C8 C9
 0/2 - 17/2 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290981609 1291043680 C8 C9
 0/2 - 23/2 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290984853 1291067313 C8 C9
 1/2 - 19/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290988003 1291139292 C8 C9
 2/2 - 19/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290991230 1291138839 C8 C9
 3/2 -  2/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290994419 1291077006 C8 C9
 4/2 - 23/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1290997629 1291152305 C8 C9
 5/2 - 16/2 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291000805 1291041679 C8 C9
 6/2 - 21/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291004004 1291146543 C8 C9
 7/2 -  3/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291007223 1291080904 C8 C9
 8/2 - 19/2 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291010454 1291050299 C8 C9
 8/2 -  5/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291013627 1291088188 C8 C9
 9/2 - 21/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291016803 1291146278 C8 C9
10/2 - 15/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291020046 1291122347 C8 C9
11/2 - 17/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291023207 1291131809 C8 C9
12/2 - 13/2 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291026441 1291028431 C8 C9
13/2 - 19/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291029637 1291137957 C8 C9
14/2 - 15/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291032843 1291122324 C8 C9
15/2 - 23/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291036053 1291154335 C8 C9
16/2 - 23/2 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291039218 1291066064 C8 C9
16/2 -  3/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291042430 1291081713 C8 C9
17/2 - 11/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291045650 1291109913 C8 C9
18/2 -  6/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291048850 1291092315 C8 C9
19/2 -  3/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291052024 1291079578 C8 C9
20/2 - 11/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291055228 1291108500 C8 C9
21/2 -  4/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291058410 1291085972 C8 C9
22/2 -  2/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291061634 1291075865 C8 C9
23/2 - 19/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291064801 1291136695 C8 C9
 0/3 - 12/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291068029 1291114176 C8 C9
 0/3 - 22/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291071244 1291150686 C8 C9
 1/3 - 14/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291074453 1291118766 C8 C9
 2/3 - 15/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291077650 1291125588 C8 C9
 3/3 -  6/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291080812 1291092558 C8 C9
 4/3 - 18/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291084007 1291134315 C8 C9
 5/3 -  7/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291087216 1291093314 C8 C9
 6/3 -  6/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291090424 1291090591 C8 C9
 7/3 -  7/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291093642 1291095234 C8 C9
 8/3 - 23/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291096814 1291150822 C8 C9
 8/3 - 11/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291100019 1291109840 C8 C9
 9/3 - 22/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291103239 1291148613 C8 C9
10/3 - 12/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291106440 1291113616 C8 C9
11/3 - 16/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291109623 1291126884 C8 C9
12/3 - 18/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291112808 1291133589 C8 C9
13/3 - 19/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291116050 1291138547 C8 C9
14/3 - 19/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291119257 1291139971 C8 C9
15/3 - 20/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291122408 1291140196 C8 C9
16/3 - 23/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291125624 1291153919 C8 C9
16/3 - 17/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291128833 1291132430 C8 C9
17/3 - 19/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291132029 1291137647 C8 C9
18/3 - 21/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291135257 1291144109 C8 C9
19/3 - 20/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291138411 1291140416 C8 C9
20/3 - 21/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291141637 1291145686 C8 C9
21/3 - 21/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291144839 1291146016 C8 C9
22/3 - 23/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291148048 1291151978 C8 C9
23/3 - 23/3 C1 C2 C2 C4 C5 1291151228 1291151993 C8 C9

Answer 2

localtime 函数将 unix 时间戳细分为数据列表，其中包含当年的小时和天数等。

#  0    1    2     3     4    5     6     7     8
($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon,$year,$wday,$yday,$isdst) = localtime(your_timestamp);
             ^                            ^

您可以使用它来非常轻松地构建您的格式。

Answer 3

offset = date - start_date
day = offset / (24*60*60)
hour = (offset % (24*60*60)) / (60*60)

如果 start_date 为 1290895200 并且 date 为 1291154399 则 offset 为 259199，天为2，小时为23

Answer 4

看一下 DateTime 模块，它很可能会有所帮助你。

#!/usr/bin/env perl

use strict;
use warnings;

use DateTime;

my $time1 = 1290895200;
my $time2 = 1291154399;

my $dt1 = DateTime->from_epoch( 'epoch' => $time1 );
my $dt2 = DateTime->from_epoch( 'epoch' => $time2 );

my $duration = $dt1->subtract_datetime($dt2);
print 'Days: ',  $duration->days,  "\n";
print 'Hours: ', $duration->hours, "\n";