使用 jdbc Timestamp 或 Date 时与 Oracle 的执行计划差异不可忽略
我在分析 Oracle 执行计划时发现了一个令人惊讶的事实。查看此查询。提示只是显示我有一个索引,并且我希望 Oracle 将其用于范围扫描:
// execute_at is of type DATE.
PreparedStatement stmt = connection.prepareStatement(
"SELECT /*+ index(my_table my_index) */ * " +
"FROM my_table " +
"WHERE execute_at > ? AND execute_at < ?");
这两个绑定导致完全不同的行为(为了排除绑定变量窥视问题,我实际上强制执行了两次硬解析):
// 1. with timestamps
stmt.setTimestamp(1, start);
stmt.setTimestamp(2, end);
// 2. with dates
stmt.setDate(1, start);
stmt.setDate(2, end);
1 )使用时间戳,我得到一个INDEX FULL SCAN
,从而得到一个过滤谓词
--------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name |
--------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | |
|* 1 | FILTER | |
| 2 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| my_table |
|* 3 | INDEX FULL SCAN | my_index |
--------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
1 - filter(:1<:2)"
3 - filter((INTERNAL_FUNCTION(""EXECUTE_AT"")>:1 AND
INTERNAL_FUNCTION(""EXECUTE_AT"")<:2))
2)使用日期,我得到更好的INDEX RANGE SCAN
和一个访问谓词
--------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name |
--------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | |
|* 1 | FILTER | |
| 2 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| my_table |
|* 3 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | my_index |
--------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
1 - filter(:1<:2)"
3 - access(""EXECUTE_AT"">:1 AND ""EXECUTE_AT""<:2)
现在我的例子是只是一个例子。真正的查询要复杂得多,必须使用RANGE SCANS
或UNIQUE SCANS
(取决于谓词)而不是FULL SCANS
。
我在这里有什么误解吗?有人可以指出我最好的解决方案/实践吗?因为在Java世界中,我认为java.sql.Timestamp
更合适,但我们的大多数列都是Oracle的DATE
类型。我们使用 Java 6 和 Oracle 11g
I'm analysing Oracle execution plans and found an astonishing fact. Check out this query. The hint is just to display that I have an index and I'd expect Oracle to use it for range scans:
// execute_at is of type DATE.
PreparedStatement stmt = connection.prepareStatement(
"SELECT /*+ index(my_table my_index) */ * " +
"FROM my_table " +
"WHERE execute_at > ? AND execute_at < ?");
These two bindings result in entirely different behaviour (to exclude bind variable peeking issues, I actually enforced two hard-parses):
// 1. with timestamps
stmt.setTimestamp(1, start);
stmt.setTimestamp(2, end);
// 2. with dates
stmt.setDate(1, start);
stmt.setDate(2, end);
1) With timestamps, I get an INDEX FULL SCAN
and thus a filter predicate
--------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name |
--------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | |
|* 1 | FILTER | |
| 2 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| my_table |
|* 3 | INDEX FULL SCAN | my_index |
--------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
1 - filter(:1<:2)"
3 - filter((INTERNAL_FUNCTION(""EXECUTE_AT"")>:1 AND
INTERNAL_FUNCTION(""EXECUTE_AT"")<:2))
2) With dates, I get the much better INDEX RANGE SCAN
and an access predicate
--------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name |
--------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | |
|* 1 | FILTER | |
| 2 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| my_table |
|* 3 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | my_index |
--------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
1 - filter(:1<:2)"
3 - access(""EXECUTE_AT"">:1 AND ""EXECUTE_AT""<:2)
Now my example is just an example. The real query is much more complex, where it is essential to have RANGE SCANS
or UNIQUE SCANS
(depending on the predicate) rather than FULL SCANS
.
Is there something I'm misunderstanding here? Can someone point me to the best solution/practice? Because in the Java world, I think that java.sql.Timestamp
is much more suitable but most of our columns are of Oracle's DATE
type. We're using Java 6 and Oracle 11g
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事实是,Oracle 时间戳和 Oracle 日期是两种不同的数据类型。为了将时间戳与日期进行比较,Oracle 必须运行转换 - INTERNAL_FUNCTION()。有趣的设计决策是 Oracle 转换表列而不是传递的值,这意味着查询不再使用索引。
我已经能够在 SQL*Plus 中重现您的场景,因此使用 java.sql.Timestamp 不是问题。将传递的时间戳转换为日期确实可以解决问题...
但我认为这对您没有任何帮助:仅传递日期会更容易。
有趣的是,构建基于函数的索引将日期列转换为时间戳并没有帮助。
INTERNAL_FUNCTION()
调用未被识别为CAST()
并且索引被忽略。尝试使用 INTERNAL_FUNCTION() 构建索引会抛出 ORA-00904。So the thing is, Oracle timestamps and Oracle dates are two different datatypes. In order to compare a timestamp to a date Oracle has to run a conversion - that INTERNAL_FUNCTION(). The interesting design decision is that Oracle converts the table column rather than the passed value, which means the query no longer uses the index.
I have been able to reproduce your scenario in SQL*Plus, so it's not a problem with using
java.sql.Timestamp
. Casting the passed timestamps to dates does resolve the problem...But I don't think that helps you any: it would be easier to just pass dates instead.
Interestingly, building a function-based index casting the date columns to timestamps doesn't help. The
INTERNAL_FUNCTION()
call isn't recognised as aCAST()
and the index is ignored. Trying to build an index usingINTERNAL_FUNCTION()
hurls an ORA-00904.虽然APC的答案已经充分解释了为什么会发生这种情况,但如果您想解决这个问题,以下博客文章很有趣JPA 和 Hibernate 的问题:
或者使用 JDBC 或 jOOQ :
特别是,一个可能的解决方案就是简单地将
oracle.sql.DATE
而不是任何java.sql
类型传递给PreparedStatement
While APC's answer already sufficiently explains why this is happening, the following blog posts are interesting in case you're trying to solve this problem with JPA and Hibernate:
Or with JDBC or jOOQ:
In particular, a possible solution is to simply pass
oracle.sql.DATE
instead of anyjava.sql
type to thePreparedStatement