如何在Windows XP中设置计划任务以在ms-access中运行宏？

Question

我通常需要每天在到达办公室之前运行一个流程。我想将其设置为计划任务。

如何才能做到这一点？

这样做有最佳实践吗？

这可以或者应该以编程方式完成吗？

Answer 1

为了解决这个问题，我执行了以下操作：

• 创建了一个名为“Submit”的宏。

• 通过转到以下位置创建计划任务 .job 文件：

  开始>所有程序>配件>系统工具>计划任务

（这会在以下位置：“C:\WINDOWS\Tasks\Submit.job”）

创建后，我将以下语法放入 Run: 文本框中。

"C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office11\MSACCESS.EXE"  "C:\MyDatabasePath\MyDatabaseName.mdb" /x "Submit"

此后，设置的剩余部分将按照正常计划任务的方式完成。您可以在[此处][2]找到有关如何手动设置这些任务的更多详细信息，或者如果您想通过命令行执行设置，这是一个特别有用的参考。

注意：必须设置宏和作业文件才能正常工作。

以编程方式完成此任务的一种方法是利用作业 API。下面是一个使用 VBA 完成此操作的示例：

请参阅此处参考

Option Explicit
' Schedule api's
Declare Function NetScheduleJobAdd Lib "netapi32.dll" _
(ByVal Servername As String, Buffer As Any, Jobid As Long) As Long

' Schedule structure
Type AT_INFO
    JobTime     As Long
    DaysOfMonth As Long
    DaysOfWeek  As Byte
    Flags       As Byte
    dummy       As Integer
    Command     As String
End Type

' Schedule constants
Const JOB_RUN_PERIODICALLY = &H1
Const JOB_NONINTERACTIVE = &H10
Const NERR_Success = 0

Private Sub Command1_Click()
    Dim lngWin32apiResultCode As Long
    Dim strComputerName As String
    Dim lngJobID As Long
    Dim udtAtInfo As AT_INFO

    ' Convert the computer name to unicode
    strComputerName = StrConv(Text1.Text, vbUnicode)

    ' Setup the tasks parameters
    SetStructValue udtAtInfo

    ' Schedule the task
    lngWin32apiResultCode = NetScheduleJobAdd(strComputerName, udtAtInfo, lngJobID)

    ' Check if the task was scheduled
    If lngWin32apiResultCode = NERR_Success Then
        MsgBox "Task" & lngJobID & " has been scheduled."
    End If

End Sub
Private Sub SetStructValue(udtAtInfo As AT_INFO)
    Dim strTime As String
    Dim strDate() As String
    Dim vntWeek() As Variant
    Dim intCounter As Integer
    Dim intWeekCounter As Integer

    vntWeek = Array("M", "T", "W", "TH", "F", "S", "SU")

    With udtAtInfo

        ' Change the format of the time
        strTime = Format(Text2.Text, "hh:mm")

        ' Change the time to one used by the api
        .JobTime = (Hour(strTime) * 3600 + Minute(strTime) * 60) * 1000

        ' Set the Date parameters
        If Val(Text3.Text) > 0 Then

            ' Set the task to run on specific days of the month i.e. 9th & 22nd of the month
            strDate = Split(Text3.Text, ",")
            For intCounter = 0 To UBound(strDate)
                .DaysOfMonth = .DaysOfMonth + 2 ^ (strDate(intCounter) - 1)
            Next

        Else

            ' Set the task to run on sepecific days of the week i.e. Monday & Thursday
            strDate = Split(Text3.Text, ",")
            For intCounter = 0 To UBound(strDate)
                For intWeekCounter = 0 To UBound(vntWeek)
                    If UCase(strDate(intCounter)) = vntWeek(intWeekCounter) Then
                        .DaysOfWeek = .DaysOfWeek + 2 ^ intWeekCounter
                        Exit For
                    End If
                Next
            Next
        End If

        ' Set the interactive property
        If Check1.Value = vbUnchecked Then
            .Flags = .Flags Or JOB_NONINTERACTIVE
        End If

        ' Set to run periodically
        If Option2.Value = True Then
            .Flags = .Flags Or JOB_RUN_PERIODICALLY
        End If

        ' Set the command to run
        .Command = StrConv(Text4.Text, vbUnicode)
    End With
End Sub

Answer 2

如果任务无法正常运行，可能是由于软件和/或服务包更新所致。检查 Microsoft Office 和 Access 的程序文件。运行行中显示的“Office11”可能需要更改为“Office 14”或“Office12”，具体取决于程序文件中显示的文件夹。