在“if”内部分配变量括号，如何在括号外使用该变量？

Question

我正在制作一个制作分形的程序，用户应该选择分形的颜色。唯一的问题是颜色变量在“if”语句之外不起作用。这是我的代码：（public void fractalEngine中的问题是设置画笔颜色的位置。这些verifiedChoice变量是在if语句内启动的，并且似乎没有延续下去到代码的其余部分。）

import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Scanner;

class anotherClass
{
    World worldObj = new World();
    Turtle m = new Turtle(100, 340, worldObj);
    Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

    public void hello()
    {
        System.out.println("This program is a fractal engine");
        System.out.println("A fractal shape is a geometric shape that represents"); 
        System.out.println("the whole shape, no matter what level of scale");
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("Your fractal picture will have three different colors,");
        System.out.println("Please pick three of the following:");
        System.out.println("RED, GREEN, BLUE, ORANGE, BLACK, YELLOW, MAGENTA, PINK");
        System.out.println("NOTE: Type your choices just like they appear.");
        System.out.println();
    }


    public void fractalEngine(int pxLength, String fractalRule)
    {
        System.out.println("Choice #1 out of 3: ");
        String choice1 = in.nextLine();
        if(choice1.equals("RED") || choice1.equals("GREEN") || choice1.equals("BLUE") || choice1.equals("ORANGE") || choice1.equals("BLACK") || choice1.equals("YELLOW") || choice1.equals("MAGENTA") || choice1.equals("PINK"))
        {
            System.out.println("Your first choice has been set to " + choice1);
            String verifiedChoice1 = choice1;
        }
        else
        {
            System.out.println("That choice is not valid, your first choice will now be red");
            String verifiedChoice1 = "RED";
        }



        System.out.println("Choice #2 out of 3: ");
        String choice2 = in.nextLine();
        if(choice2.equals("RED") || choice2.equals("GREEN") || choice2.equals("BLUE") || choice2.equals("ORANGE") || choice2.equals("BLACK") || choice2.equals("YELLOW") || choice2.equals("MAGENTA") || choice2.equals("PINK"))
        {
        System.out.println("Your second choice has been set to " + choice2);
        String verifiedChoice2 = choice2;
        }
        else
        {
            System.out.println("That choice is not valid, your second choice will now be green");
            String verifiedChoice2 = "GREEN";
        }



        System.out.println("Choice #3 out of 3: ");
        String choice3 = in.nextLine();
        if(choice3.equals("RED") || choice3.equals("GREEN") || choice3.equals("BLUE") || choice3.equals("ORANGE") || choice3.equals("BLACK") || choice3.equals("YELLOW") || choice3.equals("MAGENTA") || choice3.equals("PINK"))
        {
            System.out.println("Your thrid choice has been set to " + choice3);
            String verifiedChoice3 = choice3;
        }
        else
        {
            System.out.println("That choice is not valid, your thrid choice will now be blue");
            String verifiedChoice3 = "BLUE";
        }

        m.setHeading(0);
        String subData = "";   
        m.turn(30);
        for(int n = 0; n < fractalRule.length() ; n=n+1)            
        {
            subData = fractalRule.substring(n, n+1);                 

            if(subData.equalsIgnoreCase("F"))
                m.forward(pxLength);
            else if(subData.equals("+"))
                m.turn(120);
            else if(subData.equals("-"))
                m.turn(300);
            else if(subData.equals("1"))
                m.setPenColor(verifiedChoice1);
            else if(subData.equals("2"))
                m.setPenColor(verifiedChoice2);
            else if(subData.equals("3"))
                m.setPenColor(verifiedChoice3);
            else if(subData.equalsIgnoreCase("Q"))              
                m.hide();

        }
    }
}

public class complexFractal
{

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
       int lineLength = 15;
       String rule = "1F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F+F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F+F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F+F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F+F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F+F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F2+F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F+F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F+F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F+F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F+F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F+F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F3+F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F+F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F+F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F+F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F+F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F-F-F+F-F+F-F+F-F-F-F+F-FQ";

       anotherClass ac = new anotherClass();

       ac.hello();
       ac.fractalEngine(lineLength, rule);
    }
}

Answer 1

在您的 public void fractalEngine(int pxLength, String fractalRule) 中，只需在 { 符号之后声明局部变量：

public void fractalEngine(int pxLength, String fractalRule) {
    String verifiedChoice1  = "";
    String verifiedChoice2  = "";
    String verifiedChoice3  = "";

    //Logic here..

}

这些局部变量仅可见在方法块内部并且在方法外部不可见。

只需确保删除 if 语句中提到的 String 单词，它就可以在您的方法中本地使用。

Answer 2

这是一个范围问题。您需要将声明从 if 子句中取出，并将其与实例分开。您可能还需要用 null 初始化它以阻止 Java 抱怨。

例如：

function() {
  String verifiedChoice = null;

  if {
    verifiedChoice = ...
  }
}

有些人喜欢用“”初始化，但我选择 null，因为如果您忘记事后实例化它，您将在事后与 String 对象交互时得到 NPE 异常。

Answer 3

您还可以这样做：

String input = null;
if((input = in.nextLine()).equals("RED")) {
// do something here
}