表达式必须具有类类型

发布于 2024-11-17 23:03:09 字数 232 浏览 3 评论 0原文

我已经有一段时间没有用 C++ 编写代码了,当我尝试编译这个简单的代码片段时,我陷入了困境:

class A
{
  public:
    void f() {}
};

int main()
{
  {
    A a;
    a.f(); // works fine
  }

  {
    A *a = new A();
    a.f(); // this doesn't
  }
}

I have't coded in c++ for some time and I got stuck when I tried to compile this simple snippet:

class A
{
  public:
    void f() {}
};

int main()
{
  {
    A a;
    a.f(); // works fine
  }

  {
    A *a = new A();
    a.f(); // this doesn't
  }
}

如果你对这篇内容有疑问,欢迎到本站社区发帖提问 参与讨论,获取更多帮助,或者扫码二维码加入 Web 技术交流群。

扫码二维码加入Web技术交流群

发布评论

需要 登录 才能够评论, 你可以免费 注册 一个本站的账号。

评论(4

完美的未来在梦里 2024-11-24 23:03:09

它是一个指针,所以请尝试:

a->f();

基本上运算符 . (用于访问对象的字段和方法)用于对象和引用,因此:

A a;
a.f();
A& ref = a;
ref.f();

如果您有指针类型,则必须取消引用它首先获取引用:

A* ptr = new A();
(*ptr).f();
ptr->f();

a->b 表示法通常只是 (*a).b 的简写。

关于智能指针的注释

运算符 -> 可以重载,尤其是智能指针使用的运算符。当您使用智能指针,那么您还可以使用 -> 运算符来引用指向的对象:

auto ptr = make_unique<A>();
ptr->f();

It's a pointer, so instead try:

a->f();

Basically the operator . (used to access an object's fields and methods) is used on objects and references, so:

A a;
a.f();
A& ref = a;
ref.f();

If you have a pointer type, you have to dereference it first to obtain a reference:

A* ptr = new A();
(*ptr).f();
ptr->f();

The a->b notation is usually just a shorthand for (*a).b.

A note on smart pointers

The operator -> can be overloaded, which is notably used by smart pointers. When you're using smart pointers, then you also use the -> operator to refer to the pointed object:

auto ptr = make_unique<A>();
ptr->f();
呆头 2024-11-24 23:03:09

允许分析。

#include <iostream>   // not #include "iostream"
using namespace std;  // in this case okay, but never do that in header files

class A
{
 public:
  void f() { cout<<"f()\n"; }
};

int main()
{
 /*
 // A a; //this works
 A *a = new A(); //this doesn't
 a.f(); // "f has not been declared"
 */ // below


 // system("pause");  <-- Don't do this. It is non-portable code. I guess your 
 //                       teacher told you this?
 //                       Better: In your IDE there is prolly an option somewhere
 //                               to not close the terminal/console-window.
 //                       If you compile on a CLI, it is not needed at all.
}

作为一般建议:

0) Prefer automatic variables
  int a;
  MyClass myInstance;
  std::vector<int> myIntVector;

1) If you need data sharing on big objects down 
   the call hierarchy, prefer references:

  void foo (std::vector<int> const &input) {...}
  void bar () { 
       std::vector<int> something;
       ...
       foo (something);
  }


2) If you need data sharing up the call hierarchy, prefer smart-pointers
   that automatically manage deletion and reference counting.

3) If you need an array, use std::vector<> instead in most cases.
   std::vector<> is ought to be the one default container.

4) I've yet to find a good reason for blank pointers.

   -> Hard to get right exception safe

       class Foo {
           Foo () : a(new int[512]), b(new int[512]) {}
           ~Foo() {
               delete [] b;
               delete [] a;
           }
       };

       -> if the second new[] fails, Foo leaks memory, because the
          destructor is never called. Avoid this easily by using 
          one of the standard containers, like std::vector, or
          smart-pointers.

根据经验:如果您需要自己管理内存,通常已经有一个高级管理器或替代方案可用,它遵循 RAII 原则。

Allow an analysis.

#include <iostream>   // not #include "iostream"
using namespace std;  // in this case okay, but never do that in header files

class A
{
 public:
  void f() { cout<<"f()\n"; }
};

int main()
{
 /*
 // A a; //this works
 A *a = new A(); //this doesn't
 a.f(); // "f has not been declared"
 */ // below


 // system("pause");  <-- Don't do this. It is non-portable code. I guess your 
 //                       teacher told you this?
 //                       Better: In your IDE there is prolly an option somewhere
 //                               to not close the terminal/console-window.
 //                       If you compile on a CLI, it is not needed at all.
}

As a general advice:

0) Prefer automatic variables
  int a;
  MyClass myInstance;
  std::vector<int> myIntVector;

1) If you need data sharing on big objects down 
   the call hierarchy, prefer references:

  void foo (std::vector<int> const &input) {...}
  void bar () { 
       std::vector<int> something;
       ...
       foo (something);
  }


2) If you need data sharing up the call hierarchy, prefer smart-pointers
   that automatically manage deletion and reference counting.

3) If you need an array, use std::vector<> instead in most cases.
   std::vector<> is ought to be the one default container.

4) I've yet to find a good reason for blank pointers.

   -> Hard to get right exception safe

       class Foo {
           Foo () : a(new int[512]), b(new int[512]) {}
           ~Foo() {
               delete [] b;
               delete [] a;
           }
       };

       -> if the second new[] fails, Foo leaks memory, because the
          destructor is never called. Avoid this easily by using 
          one of the standard containers, like std::vector, or
          smart-pointers.

As a rule of thumb: If you need to manage memory on your own, there is generally a superiour manager or alternative available already, one that follows the RAII principle.

国产ˉ祖宗 2024-11-24 23:03:09

摘要:而不是 af(); 应该是 a->f();

在 main 中,您定义了 a< /strong> 作为指向 A对象的指针,因此您可以使用 -> 运算符访问函数。

替代,但可读性较差的方式是 (*a).f()

af() 可以用于访问 f(),如果 a 声明为:
一个a;

Summary: Instead of a.f(); it should be a->f();

In main you have defined a as a pointer to object of A, so you can access functions using the -> operator.

An alternate, but less readable way is (*a).f()

a.f() could have been used to access f(), if a was declared as:
A a;

走过海棠暮 2024-11-24 23:03:09

a 是一个指针。您需要使用->,而不是

a is a pointer. You need to use->, not .

~没有更多了~
我们使用 Cookies 和其他技术来定制您的体验包括您的登录状态等。通过阅读我们的 隐私政策 了解更多相关信息。 单击 接受 或继续使用网站,即表示您同意使用 Cookies 和您的相关数据。
原文