已安装海湾合作委员会。 Mathematica 仍然无法编译为 C

发布于 2024-11-17 19:44:23 字数 910 浏览 7 评论 0原文

我在 MacOSX 上运行 Mathematica 8，试图将最简单的程序编译为 C。任何与 C 相关的东西在 Mathematica 中都不起作用。我安装了 GCC 4.2；我什至用 XCode 重新安装了多次。以下是我正在做的事情和遇到的错误：

首先，我总是评估命令

Needs["CCompilerDriver`"]

如果我将编译目标设置为 C，

c = Compile[ {{x}}, x^2 + Sin[x^2], CompilationTarget -> "C"];

我会收到一条错误： Compile::nogen : A library Could not be从编译的函数创建。

如果我尝试创建库，

demoFile = FileNameJoin[{$CCompilerDirectory,"SystemFiles","CSource","createDLL_demo.c"}];
lib = CreateLibrary[{demoFile},"testLibrary"]

我会收到一条消息$Failed。 Wolfram 说这是因为我没有安装 C 编译器。我发现这很难相信，因为当我运行时

CCompilers[]

它告诉我我已经安装了 GCC： {{"Name" -> “海湾合作委员会”， “编译器”-> CCompilerDriver'GCCCompiler`GCCCompiler, “编译器安装”-> “/usr/bin”，“编译器名称”->自动}}

而且，终端说我也安装了 GCC！任何帮助将不胜感激。我真的很想将 Mathematica 编译为 C 语言。

原文

I'm running Mathematica 8 on a MacOSX, trying to compile even the simplest program to C. Anything having to do with C simply doesn't work in Mathematica. I have GCC 4.2 installed; I've even reinstalled it multiple times with XCode. Here's what I'm doing and the errors I'm getting:

First, I always evaluate the command

Needs["CCompilerDriver`"]

If I set the compilation target to C,

c = Compile[ {{x}}, x^2 + Sin[x^2], CompilationTarget -> "C"];

I get an error that reads: Compile::nogen : A library could not be created from the compiled function.

If I try to create a library,

demoFile = FileNameJoin[{$CCompilerDirectory,"SystemFiles","CSource","createDLL_demo.c"}];
lib = CreateLibrary[{demoFile},"testLibrary"]

I get an message $Failed. Wolfram says that this is because I don't have a C compiler installed. I find that hard to believe because when I run

CCompilers[]

It tells me that I've got GCC installed: {{"Name" -> "GCC",
"Compiler" -> CCompilerDriver'GCCCompiler`GCCCompiler,
"CompilerInstallation" -> "/usr/bin", "CompilerName" -> Automatic}}

What's more, terminal says I have GCC installed too!! Any help would be appreciated. I'd really like to compile Mathematica to C.

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贱贱哒 2024-11-24 19:44:23

在这个答案中我将收集一些类似问题的调试步骤，以供将来参考。请随意编辑/改进它们。

如果在 Mathematica 8 中无法编译为 C 代码，

请检查您是否有受支持的 C 编译器已安装并且可以工作（显而易见）。
请注意，编译器不一定必须位于 PATH 中，至少在 Windows/Visual Studio 上不需要。
检查 Mathematica 是否识别编译器
<前><代码><< C编译器驱动程序`
C编译器[]
将列出 Mathematica 已知的编译器。
检查 Mathematica 执行哪些命令来编译生成的 C 代码：
```
编译器`$CCompilerOptions = {"ShellCommandFunction" ->打印};
编译[{{x}}, x^2, CompilationTarget -> “C”]；
```
请注意，使用 "ShellCommandFunction" -> Print 命令将不会被执行，因此您需要在此步骤完成后将 Compiler`$CCompilerOptions 重新设置为 {} 以允许命令再次执行。

检查编译器的输出/错误：

编译器`$CCompilerOptions = {"ShellOutputFunction" ->打印};
编译[{{x}}, x^2, CompilationTarget -> “C”]；

这些最后两个步骤有望为您提供足够的线索来继续。有了这些信息，您可以检查是否将正确的库/包含路径传递给编译器（对于 gcc/icc，请查看指定库路径的 -L 选项和 - I 选项指定包含路径）。然后检查这些路径中是否存在所需的包含文件和库文件。

In this answer I'll collect some debugging steps for similar problems, for future reference. Feel free to edit/improve them.

If compiling to C code does not work from Mathematica 8,

Check that you have a supported C compiler installed and it works (the obvious).
Note that the compiler does not necessarily have to be in the PATH, at least on Windows/Visual Studio it doesn't.
Check that Mathematica recognizes the compiler
```
<< CCompilerDriver`
CCompilers[]
```
will list the compilers known to Mathematica.
Check what commands Mathematica executes to compile the generated C code:
```
Compiler`$CCompilerOptions = {"ShellCommandFunction" -> Print};
Compile[{{x}}, x^2, CompilationTarget -> "C"];
```
Note that with "ShellCommandFunction" -> Print the commands will not be executed, so you'll need to re-set Compiler`$CCompilerOptions to {} after this step is complete to allow command execution again.

Check the output/errors from the compiler:

Compiler`$CCompilerOptions = {"ShellOutputFunction" -> Print};
Compile[{{x}}, x^2, CompilationTarget -> "C"];

These last two steps will hopefully give you enough clues to proceed. With this information you can check if the correct library / include paths are passed to the compiler (in the case of gcc/icc, look at the -L option which specifies library paths and the -I option which specifies include paths). Then check if the required include and library files are present at those paths.

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陪你搞怪i 2024-11-24 19:44:23

如果您得到 Compile::nogen，则可以通过在 Compile 表达式中设置 ShellOutputFunction->Print 来查看编译器输出：

c = Compile[ {{x}}, x^2 + Sin[x^2], 
   CompilationTarget -> {"C", "ShellOutputFunction"->Print}];

一般来说，这就是通过更改 CompilationTarget->" 将选项传递给底层 CreateLibrary 调用的方式。” C" 到 CompilationTarget->{"C", options}。设置 Compiler`$CCompilerOptions 也可以，但这种技术的优点是不设置全局变量。

If you get Compile::nogen, you can see the compiler output by setting ShellOutputFunction->Print right in the Compile expression:

c = Compile[ {{x}}, x^2 + Sin[x^2], 
   CompilationTarget -> {"C", "ShellOutputFunction"->Print}];

In general, this is how you can pass options to the underlying CreateLibrary call, by changing CompilationTarget->"C" to CompilationTarget->{"C", options}. Setting Compiler`$CCompilerOptions works too, but this technique has the advantage of not setting a global variable.

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困倦 2024-11-24 19:44:23

遗憾的是，您看到的唯一错误是 $Failed，这并不是很有帮助；我想知道是否可能存在一些文件或目录权限问题？

我在 Linux 上运行而不是 Mac，所以我不确定我的设置是否“足够接近”。在我的计算机上，您的 Compile 命令成功并在我的主目录中生成文件 .Mathematica/ApplicationData/CCompilerDriver/BuildFolder/blackie-desktop-5077/compiledFunction1.so 。有什么方法可以找到与您的用户 ID 关联的 .Mathematica 目录，并查看它是否存在并且可由 mathematica 写入？

另外，您可以通过在调用 Compile/usr/bin/gcc 的文件访问时间来检查“gcc”是否正在被访问。 >。从操作系统 shell 中，您可以执行 ls -lu /usr/bin/gcc 或从 Mathematica 执行 Import["!ls -lu /usr/bin/gcc", "Text"]