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Ruby 上的 Iconv 和 Kconv (1.9.2)

发布于 2024-11-17 09:22:52 字数 145 浏览 1 评论 0原文

我知道 Iconv 用于转换字符串的编码。根据我的理解，Kconv 是出于同样的目的（我错了吗？）。

我的问题是：它们之间有什么区别，我应该使用什么来进行编码转换。

顺便说一句，发现一些信息表明 Iconv 将从 1.9.3 版本开始被弃用。

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岁月如刀 2024-11-24 09:22:52

正如https://stackoverflow.com/users/23649/jtbandes所说，它看起来Kconv类似于 Iconv 但专门用于汉字（“现代日语书写系统中与平假名一起使用的表意汉字”http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji）。除非您正在研究专门的日语内容，否则我猜您不需要 Kconv。

如果您使用的是 Ruby 1.9，则大多数时候可以使用内置编码支持，而不是 Iconv。我花了几个小时试图理解自己在做什么，直到读到以下内容：

http://www.joelonsoftware .com/articles/Unicode.html

使用类似的东西了

String#encode           # Ruby 1.9
String#encode!          # Ruby 1.9
String#force_encoding   # Ruby 1.9

然后你就可以开始放心地。如果您有更复杂的需求，请阅读http://blog.grayproducts.net/categories/character_encodings

更新感谢 JohnZ 的评论

Iconv 在 Ruby 1.9 中仍然有用，因为它可以音译字符（这是 String#encode 等人无法做到的）。下面是如何使用音译为 UTF-8 的函数扩展 String 的示例：

require 'iconv'
class ::String
  # Return a new String that has been transliterated into UTF-8
  # Should work in Ruby 1.8 and Ruby 1.9 thanks to http://po-ru.com/diary/fixing-invalid-utf-8-in-ruby-revisited/
  def as_utf8(from_encoding = 'UTF-8')
    ::Iconv.conv('UTF-8//TRANSLIT', from_encoding, self + ' ')[0..-2]
  end
end

"foo".as_utf8 #=> "foo"
"foo".as_utf8('ISO-8859-1') #=> "foo"

谢谢 JohnZ！

As https://stackoverflow.com/users/23649/jtbandes says, it looks Kconv is like Iconv but specialized for Kanji ("the logographic Chinese characters that are used in the modern Japanese writing system along with hiragana" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji). Unless you are working on something specifically Japanese, I'm guessing you don't need Kconv.

If you're using Ruby 1.9, you can use the built-in encoding support most of the time instead of Iconv. I tried for hours to understand what I was doing until I read this:

http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html

Then you can start to use stuff like

String#encode           # Ruby 1.9
String#encode!          # Ruby 1.9
String#force_encoding   # Ruby 1.9

with confidence. If you have more complex needs, do read http://blog.grayproductions.net/categories/character_encodings

UPDATED Thanks to JohnZ in the comments

Iconv is still useful in Ruby 1.9 because it can transliterate characters (something that String#encode et al. can't do). Here's an example of how to extend String with a function that transliterates to UTF-8:

require 'iconv'
class ::String
  # Return a new String that has been transliterated into UTF-8
  # Should work in Ruby 1.8 and Ruby 1.9 thanks to http://po-ru.com/diary/fixing-invalid-utf-8-in-ruby-revisited/
  def as_utf8(from_encoding = 'UTF-8')
    ::Iconv.conv('UTF-8//TRANSLIT', from_encoding, self + ' ')[0..-2]
  end
end

"foo".as_utf8 #=> "foo"
"foo".as_utf8('ISO-8859-1') #=> "foo"

Thanks JohnZ!

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