使用默认命名空间绑定对 XML 进行 PHP xpath 查询

发布于 2024-11-17 03:19:51 字数 3016 浏览 0 评论 0原文

我对这个主题问题有一个解决方案,但这是一个黑客,我想知道是否有更好的方法来做到这一点。

下面是一个示例 XML 文件和一个 PHP CLI 脚本,该脚本执行作为参数给出的 xpath 查询。对于这个测试用例,命令行是:

./xpeg "//MainType[@ID=123]"

最奇怪的是这一行,没有它我的方法就不起作用:

$result->loadXML($result->saveXML($result));

据我所知,这只是重新解析修改后的 XML,在我看来这应该没有必要。

有没有更好的方法在 PHP 中对此 XML 执行 xpath 查询?


XML(注意默认命名空间的绑定):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<MyRoot
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.example.com/data http://www.example.com/data/MyRoot.xsd"
 xmlns="http://www.example.com/data">
  <MainType ID="192" comment="Bob's site">
    <Price>$0.20</Price>
    <TheUrl><![CDATA[http://www.example.com/path1/]]></TheUrl>
    <Validated>N</Validated>
  </MainType>
  <MainType ID="123" comment="Test site">
    <Price>$99.95</Price>
    <TheUrl><![CDATA[http://www.example.com/path2]]></TheUrl>
    <Validated>N</Validated>
  </MainType>
  <MainType ID="922" comment="Health Insurance">
    <Price>$600.00</Price>
    <TheUrl><![CDATA[http://www.example.com/eg/xyz.php]]></TheUrl>
    <Validated>N</Validated>
  </MainType>
  <MainType ID="389" comment="Used Cars">
    <Price>$5000.00</Price>
    <TheUrl><![CDATA[http://www.example.com/tata.php]]></TheUrl>
    <Validated>N</Validated>
  </MainType>
</MyRoot>

PHP CLI 脚本:

#!/usr/bin/php-cli
<?php

$xml = file_get_contents("xpeg.xml");

$domdoc = new DOMDocument();
$domdoc->loadXML($xml);

// remove the default namespace binding
$e = $domdoc->documentElement;
$e->removeAttributeNS($e->getAttributeNode("xmlns")->nodeValue,"");

// hack hack, cough cough, hack hack
$domdoc->loadXML($domdoc->saveXML($domdoc));

$xpath = new DOMXpath($domdoc);

$str = trim($argv[1]);
$result = $xpath->query($str);
if ($result !== FALSE) {
  dump_dom_levels($result);
}
else {
  echo "error\n";
}

// The following function isn't really part of the
// question. It simply provides a concise summary of
// the result.
function dump_dom_levels($node, $level = 0) {
  $class = get_class($node);
  if ($class == "DOMNodeList") {
    echo "Level $level ($class): $node->length items\n";
    foreach ($node as $child_node) {
      dump_dom_levels($child_node, $level+1);
    }
  }
  else {
    $nChildren = 0;
    foreach ($node->childNodes as $child_node) {
      if ($child_node->hasChildNodes()) {
        $nChildren++;
      }
    }
    if ($nChildren) {
      echo "Level $level ($class): $nChildren children\n";
    }
    foreach ($node->childNodes as $child_node) {
      if ($child_node->hasChildNodes()) {
        dump_dom_levels($child_node, $level+1);
      }
    }
  }
}
?>

I have one solution to the subject problem, but it’s a hack and I’m wondering if there’s a better way to do this.

Below is a sample XML file and a PHP CLI script that executes an xpath query given as an argument. For this test case, the command line is:

./xpeg "//MainType[@ID=123]"

What seems most strange is this line, without which my approach doesn’t work:

$result->loadXML($result->saveXML($result));

As far as I know, this simply re-parses the modified XML, and it seems to me that this shouldn’t be necessary.

Is there a better way to perform xpath queries on this XML in PHP?


XML (note the binding of the default namespace):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<MyRoot
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.example.com/data http://www.example.com/data/MyRoot.xsd"
 xmlns="http://www.example.com/data">
  <MainType ID="192" comment="Bob's site">
    <Price>$0.20</Price>
    <TheUrl><![CDATA[http://www.example.com/path1/]]></TheUrl>
    <Validated>N</Validated>
  </MainType>
  <MainType ID="123" comment="Test site">
    <Price>$99.95</Price>
    <TheUrl><![CDATA[http://www.example.com/path2]]></TheUrl>
    <Validated>N</Validated>
  </MainType>
  <MainType ID="922" comment="Health Insurance">
    <Price>$600.00</Price>
    <TheUrl><![CDATA[http://www.example.com/eg/xyz.php]]></TheUrl>
    <Validated>N</Validated>
  </MainType>
  <MainType ID="389" comment="Used Cars">
    <Price>$5000.00</Price>
    <TheUrl><![CDATA[http://www.example.com/tata.php]]></TheUrl>
    <Validated>N</Validated>
  </MainType>
</MyRoot>

PHP CLI Script:

#!/usr/bin/php-cli
<?php

$xml = file_get_contents("xpeg.xml");

$domdoc = new DOMDocument();
$domdoc->loadXML($xml);

// remove the default namespace binding
$e = $domdoc->documentElement;
$e->removeAttributeNS($e->getAttributeNode("xmlns")->nodeValue,"");

// hack hack, cough cough, hack hack
$domdoc->loadXML($domdoc->saveXML($domdoc));

$xpath = new DOMXpath($domdoc);

$str = trim($argv[1]);
$result = $xpath->query($str);
if ($result !== FALSE) {
  dump_dom_levels($result);
}
else {
  echo "error\n";
}

// The following function isn't really part of the
// question. It simply provides a concise summary of
// the result.
function dump_dom_levels($node, $level = 0) {
  $class = get_class($node);
  if ($class == "DOMNodeList") {
    echo "Level $level ($class): $node->length items\n";
    foreach ($node as $child_node) {
      dump_dom_levels($child_node, $level+1);
    }
  }
  else {
    $nChildren = 0;
    foreach ($node->childNodes as $child_node) {
      if ($child_node->hasChildNodes()) {
        $nChildren++;
      }
    }
    if ($nChildren) {
      echo "Level $level ($class): $nChildren children\n";
    }
    foreach ($node->childNodes as $child_node) {
      if ($child_node->hasChildNodes()) {
        dump_dom_levels($child_node, $level+1);
      }
    }
  }
}
?>

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评论(4

行雁书 2024-11-24 03:19:51

解决方案是使用命名空间,而不是摆脱它。

$result = new DOMDocument();
$result->loadXML($xml);

$xpath = new DOMXpath($result);
$xpath->registerNamespace("x", trim($argv[2]));

$str = trim($argv[1]);
$result = $xpath->query($str);

并在命令行上这样调用它(注意 XPath 表达式中的 x:)。

./xpeg "//x:MainType[@ID=123]" "http://www.example.com/data"

来使其更加闪亮。

  • 您可以通过自己查找默认命名空间(通过查看文档元素的命名空间属性)
  • 支持在命令行上支持多个命名空间,并在 $xpath->query() 之前注册所有命名空间,
  • 支持 xyz=http//namespace.uri/ 形式的参数> 创建自定义命名空间前缀

底线是:当您真正指的是 //namespace:foo 时,XPath 无法查询 //foo。这些根本不同,因此选择不同的节点。 XML 可以定义默认名称空间(因此可以删除文档中显式的名称空间使用)这一事实并不意味着您可以删除 XPath 中的名称空间使用。

The solution is using the namespace, not getting rid of it.

$result = new DOMDocument();
$result->loadXML($xml);

$xpath = new DOMXpath($result);
$xpath->registerNamespace("x", trim($argv[2]));

$str = trim($argv[1]);
$result = $xpath->query($str);

And call it as this on the command line (note the x: in the XPath expression)

./xpeg "//x:MainType[@ID=123]" "http://www.example.com/data"

You can make this more shiny by

  • finding out default namespaces yourself (by looking at the namespace property of the document element)
  • supporting more than one namespace on the command line and register them all before $xpath->query()
  • supporting arguments in the form of xyz=http//namespace.uri/ to create custom namespace prefixes

Bottom line is: In XPath you can't query //foo when you really mean //namespace:foo. These are fundamentally different and therefore select different nodes. The fact that XML can have a default namespace defined (and thus can drop explicit namespace usage in the document) does not mean you can drop namespace usage in XPath.

芯好空 2024-11-24 03:19:51

只是出于好奇,如果删除这条线会发生什么?

$e->removeAttributeNS($e->getAttributeNode("xmlns")->nodeValue,"");

在我看来,这最有可能导致您需要进行黑客攻击。您基本上是删除 xmlns="http://www.example.com/data" 部分,然后重新构建 DOMDocument。您是否考虑过简单地使用字符串函数来删除该名称空间?

$pieces = explode('xmlns="', $xml);
$xml = $pieces[0] . substr($pieces[1], strpos($pieces[1], '"') + 1);

然后继续你的路吗?它甚至可能会变得更快。

Just out of curiosity, what happens if you remove this line?

$e->removeAttributeNS($e->getAttributeNode("xmlns")->nodeValue,"");

That strikes me as the most likely to cause the need for your hack. You're basically removing the xmlns="http://www.example.com/data" part and then re-building the DOMDocument. Have you considered simply using string functions to remove that namespace?

$pieces = explode('xmlns="', $xml);
$xml = $pieces[0] . substr($pieces[1], strpos($pieces[1], '"') + 1);

Then continue on your way? It might even end up being faster.

不美如何 2024-11-24 03:19:51

考虑到 XPath 语言的当前状态,我认为 Tomalek 提供了最好的答案:将前缀与默认名称空间关联起来,并为所有标记名称添加前缀。这就是我打算在当前应用程序中使用的解决方案。

当这不可能或不可行时,比我的黑客更好的解决方案是调用与重新扫描执行相同操作的方法(希望更有效): DOMDocument::normalizeDocument()。该方法的行为“就像您保存然后加载文档一样,将文档置于‘正常’形式。”

Given the current state of the XPath language, I feel that the best answer is provided by Tomalek: to associate a prefix with the default namespace and to prefix all tag names. That’s the solution I intend to use in my current application.

When that’s not possible or practical, a better solution than my hack is to invoke a method that does the same thing as re-scanning (hopefully more efficiently): DOMDocument::normalizeDocument(). The method behaves “as if you saved and then loaded the document, putting the document in a ‘normal’ form.”

菩提树下叶撕阳。 2024-11-24 03:19:51

另外,作为变体,您可以使用 xpath 掩码:

//*[local-name(.) = 'MainType'][@ID='123']

Also as a variant you may use a xpath mask:

//*[local-name(.) = 'MainType'][@ID='123']
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