不规则的时间序列数据 - 我可以使其规则吗？在 r

Question

我的数据被编程为每 5 小时获取一次信息，这意味着每天有多个数据点。问题有时是数据记录器出现故障或电池没电或其他原因，并且数据丢失或尝试失败。

我所做的所有分析都是基于这些日期。我需要根据此日期/时间戳对所有内容进行排序、过滤和选择。截至目前，我正在通过“冗长”的脚本来选择和子集我的数据。另外，我有几个数据记录器（个人），所以我也在进行批处理。例如，我想每天只使用一个数据点和子集，那么

    #Subset data by minimum time interval
    SubsetData = T
    MinInterval = 47 #minimum time interval (in hours) between consecutive locations
    ###########
    ##Setting the date and time to be recognized as date time
    loc$DateTime = as.POSIXct(strptime(loc$DT,"%m/%d/%Y %H:%M",tz="UTC"),tz="UTC")
    ### Code to subset data based on minimum time interval between locations
    if (SubsetData ==T){
             row = 0
             EndLoc = 2
             SubData1 = loc[1,]
             IDNames = levels(loc$ID)
    for (n in 1:length(IDNames)){
         IndivData = loc[loc$ID==IDNames[n],]
         row = row+1
         SubData1[row,]=IndivData[1,]
     while (EndLoc<nrow(IndivData) ){
           timediff = difftime(IndivData$DateTime[EndLoc],SubData1$DateTime[row],units = "hours")
   if (timediff>MinInterval){
       row = row+1
       SubData1=rbind(SubData1,IndivData[EndLoc,])
       EndLoc = EndLoc+1
         } else{
               EndLoc = EndLoc+1
              }
         } #end while loop
       } #end loop through individuals
     loc = SubData1
   } #end conditional to subset data
    }
   ### End Code to subset data'

，有没有一种方法可以将我的数据转换为时间序列数据，以使操作更容易？我看过有关 Zoo package a xts 的讨论 - 但这些似乎要求数据处于常规时间序列中。我什至不得不不使用某些脚本，因为它们要求数据采用 ts 格式，而我不知道如何将我的数据转换为这种良好的格式。有没有好的资源可以自学这个？我应该使用 ts 吗？

这是我的数据的示例： 结构(列表(ID = 结构(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L), .Label = c("c_002", “c_402”），类=“因子”），长= c（-147.635233，-147.635232， -147.63632, -147.636136, -147.63628, -147.635743, -147.631785, -147.619598、-147.605088、-147.602119、-147.179737、-147.133275、 -147.106584、-147.033649、-147.016078、-147.031872、-146.940969、 -146.862538, -146.751214, -146.696238, -146.710799), 纬度 = c(67.911827, 67.911193、67.911048、67.911169、67.911625、67.911767、67.919419、 67.926327、67.925352、67.926318、70.017026、70.041163、70.057988、 70.087812、70.117134、70.147184、70.145115、70.136103、70.1276、 70.103395, 70.079301), DT = 结构(c(2L, 3L, 5L, 6L, 8L, 9L, 10L、11L、12L、14L、393L、395L、396L、398L、399L、401L、402L、 404L, 405L, 407L, 409L), .Label = c("05/01/2006 00:00", "05/01/2006 00:01", "05/01/2006 05:00", "05/01/2006 05:01", "05/01/2006 10:00", "05/01/2006 15:01", "05/01/2006 20:00", "05/01/2006 20:01", "05/02/2006 01:00", "05/02/2006 06:00", "05/02/2006 11:00", "05/02/2006 16:01", "05/02/2006 21:00", "05/02/2006 21:01", "05/03/2006 02:00", "05/03/2006 02:01", "05/03/2006 07:00", "05/03/2006 07:01", "05/03/2006 12:00", "05/03/2006 17:00", "05/03/2006 17:01", "05/03/2006 22:00", "05/03/2006 22:01", "05/04/2006 03:00", "05/04/2006 03:01", "05/04/2006 08:00", "05/04/2006 08:01", "05/04/2006 13:00", "05/04/2006 18:00", "05/04/2006 23:00", "05/04/2006 23:01", "05/05/2006 04:00", "05/05/2006 09:00", "05/05/2006 09:01", "05/05/2006 14:00", "05/05/2006 19:00", "05/06/2006 00:00", "05/06/2006 00:01", "05/06/2006 05:00", "05/06/2006 05:01", "05/06/2006 10:00", "05/06/2006 10:01", "05/06/2006 15:01", "05/06/2006 20:00", "05/06/2006 20:01", "05/07/2006 01:00", "05/07/2006 01:01", "05/07/2006 06:00", "05/07/2006 06:01", "05/07/2006 11:00", "05/07/2006 16:00", "05/07/2006 16:01", "05/07/2006 21:00", "05/08/2006 02:00", "05/08/2006 07:01", "05/08/2006 12:00", "05/08/2006 17:00", "05/08/2006 17:01", "05/08/2006 22:00", "05/08/2006 22:01", "05/09/2006 03:00", "05/09/2006 03:01", "05/09/2006 08:00", "05/09/2006 08:01", "05/09/2006 13:00", "05/09/2006 13:01", "05/09/2006 18:00", "05/09/2006 23:00", "05/09/2006 23:01", "05/10/2006 04:00", "05/10/2006 04:01", "05/10/2006 09:00", "05/10/2006 09:01", "05/10/2006 14:00", "05/10/2006 14:01", "05/10/2006 19:00", "05/10/2006 19:03", "05/11/2006 00:00", "05/11/2006 05:00", "05/11/2006 10:00", "05/11/2006 10:01", "05/11/2006 15:01", "05/11/2006 15:02", "05/11/2006 20:00", "05/11/2006 20:01", "05/12/2006 01:00", "05/12/2006 01:01", "05/12/2006 06:00", "05/12/2006 11:00", "05/12/2006 16:00", "05/12/2006 16:01", "05/12/2006 21:00", "05/12/2006 21:01", "05/13/2006 02:00", "05/13/2006 07:00", "05/13/2006 07:01", "05/13/2006 12:00", "05/13/2006 17:00", "05/13/2006 22:00", "05/13/2006 22:01", "05/14/2006 03:00", "05/14/2006 08:00", "05/14/2006 13:00", "05/14/2006 18:00", "05/14/2006 18:01", "05/14/2006 23:00", "05/15/2006 04:00", "05/15/2006 04:01", "05/15/2006 09:00", "05/15/2006 09:03", "05/15/2006 14:00", "05/15/2006 19:00", "05/16/2006 00:00", "05/16/2006 05:01", "05/16/2006 10:00", "05/16/2006 15:00", "05/16/2006 15:01", "05/16/2006 20:00", "05/17/2006 01:01", "05/17/2006 01:02", "05/17/2006 06:01", "05/17/2006 11:00", "05/17/2006 11:01", "05/17/2006 16:00", "05/17/2006 21:00", "05/18/2006 02:00", "05/18/2006 02:01", "05/18/2006 07:00", "05/18/2006 07:01", "05/18/2006 12:00", "05/18/2006 12:01", "05/18/2006 17:00", "05/18/2006 22:00", "05/18/2006 22:01", "05/19/2006 03:00", "05/19/2006 08:00", "05/19/2006 13:01", "05/19/2006 18:00", "05/19/2006 23:00", "05/19/2006 23:01", "05/20/2006 04:00", "05/20/2006 04:01", "05/20/2006 09:00", "05/20/2006 09:01", "05/20/2006 14:00", "05/20/2006 14:01", "05/20/2006 19:00", "05/21/2006 00:01", "05/21/2006 00:02", "05/21/2006 05:00", "05/21/2006 10:00", "05/21/2006 15:00", "05/21/2006 15:01", "05/21/2006 20:00", "05/22/2006 01:01", "05/22/2006 06:00", "05/22/2006 11:00", "05/22/2006 11:01", "05/22/2006 16:00", "05/22/2006 16:01", "05/22/2006 21:00", "05/22/2006 21:01", "05/23/2006 02:00", "05/23/2006 07:00", "05/23/2006 07:01", "05/23/2006 12:00", "05/23/2006 17:01", "05/23/2006 22:00", "05/24/2006 03:00", "05/24/2006 08:00", "05/24/2006 08:01", "05/24/2006 13:00", "05/24/2006 18:00", "05/24/2006 18:01", "05/24/2006 23:00", "05/24/2006 23:01", "05/25/2006 04:01", "05/25/2006 09:00", "05/25/2006 09:02", "05/25/2006 14:01", "05/25/2006 19:01", "05/26/2006 00:01", "05/26/2006 05:00", "05/26/2006 10:00", "05/26/2006 15:00", "05/26/2006 20:00", "05/27/2006 01:00", "05/27/2006 01:01", "05/27/2006 06:00", "05/27/2006 11:00", "05/27/2006 16:00", "05/27/2006 16:01", "05/27/2006 21:01", "05/28/2006 02:00", "05/28/2006 02:01", "05/28/2006 07:00", "05/28/2006 07:01", "05/28/2006 12:01", "05/28/2006 17:00", "05/28/2006 22:00", "05/29/2006 03:00", "05/29/2006 03:01", "05/29/2006 08:00", "05/29/2006 13:00", "05/29/2006 13:01", "05/29/2006 18:00", "05/29/2006 23:01", "05/30/2006 04:00", "05/30/2006 09:00", "05/30/2006 14:00", "05/30/2006 14:01", "05/30/2006 19:00", "05/30/2006 19:01", "05/31/2006 00:00", "05/31/2006 00:01", "05/31/2006 05:01", "05/31/2006 10:00", "05/31/2006 10:01", "05/31/2006 15:00", "05/31/2006 15:01", "05/31/2006 20:00", "06/01/2006 01:00", "06/01/2006 01:01", "06/01/2006 06:00", "06/01/2006 06:01", "06/01/2006 11:00", "06/01/2006 11:01", "06/01/2006 16:00", "06/01/2006 21:01", "06/02/2006 02:01", "06/02/2006 07:00", "06/02/2006 12:00", "06/02/2006 12:01", "06/02/2006 17:00", "06/02/2006 17:02", "06/02/2006 22:01", "06/03/2006 03:00", "06/03/2006 03:01", "06/03/2006 08:00", "06/03/2006 08:01", "06/03/2006 13:00", "06/03/2006 13:01", "06/03/2006 18:00", "06/03/2006 23:00", "06/04/2006 04:00", "06/04/2006 04:01", "06/04/2006 09:00", "06/04/2006 09:01", "06/04/2006 14:00", "06/04/2006 19:00", "06/05/2006 00:00", "06/05/2006 05:01", "06/05/2006 10:00", "06/05/2006 15:00", "06/05/2006 20:00", "06/06/2006 01:00", "06/06/2006 01:01", "06/06/2006 06:01", "06/06/2006 11:00", "06/06/2006 11:01", "06/06/2006 16:00", "06/06/2006 21:00", 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"06/20/2006 15:00", "06/20/2006 15:01", "06/20/2006 20:00", "06/21/2006 01:00", "06/21/2006 01:01", "06/21/2006 06:00", "06/21/2006 06:01", "06/21/2006 11:01", "06/21/2006 16:00", "06/21/2006 16:01", "06/21/2006 21:00", "06/21/2006 21:01", "06/22/2006 02:00", "06/22/2006 02:02", "06/22/2006 07:00", "06/22/2006 12:00", "06/22/2006 12:01", "06/22/2006 17:00", "06/22/2006 17:01", "06/22/2006 22:00", "06/23/2006 03:00", "06/23/2006 08:01", "06/23/2006 13:00", "06/23/2006 13:03", "06/23/2006 18:01", "06/23/2006 18:02", "06/23/2006 23:00", "06/24/2006 04:00", "06/24/2006 09:01", "06/24/2006 14:00", "06/24/2006 19:00", "06/24/2006 19:01", "06/25/2006 00:01", "06/25/2006 05:00", "06/25/2006 10:00", "06/25/2006 10:01", "06/25/2006 15:00", "06/25/2006 15:01", "06/25/2006 20:00", "06/26/2006 01:00", "06/26/2006 01:01", "06/26/2006 06:00", "06/26/2006 11:00", "06/26/2006 11:01", "06/26/2006 16:00", "06/26/2006 21:00", "06/26/2006 21:01", "06/27/2006 02:00", "06/27/2006 07:01", "06/27/2006 12:00", "06/27/2006 17:01", "06/27/2006 22:00", "06/28/2006 03:00", "06/28/2006 08:00", "06/28/2006 08:01", "06/28/2006 13:00", "06/28/2006 18:00", "06/28/2006 23:00", "06/28/2006 23:01", "06/29/2006 04:00", "06/29/2006 09:01", "06/29/2006 14:00", "06/29/2006 19:01", "06/30/2006 00:00", "06/30/2006 00:02", "06/30/2006 05:01", "06/30/2006 10:00", "06/30/2006 10:01", "06/30/2006 15:00", "06/30/2006 20:00", "07/01/2006 01:00", "07/01/2006 06:00", "07/01/2006 06:01", "07/01/2006 11:00", "07/01/2006 11:01", "07/01/2006 16:00", "07/01/2006 21:00", "07/01/2006 21:01", "07/02/2006 02:00", "07/02/2006 07:00", "07/02/2006 12:00", "07/02/2006 17:01", "07/02/2006 22:00", "07/03/2006 03:00", "07/03/2006 03:01", "07/03/2006 08:00", "07/03/2006 13:00", "07/03/2006 18:01", "07/03/2006 23:00", "07/03/2006 23:01", "07/04/2006 04:00", "07/04/2006 09:00", "07/04/2006 09:01", "07/04/2006 14:00", "07/04/2006 14:01", "07/04/2006 19:00", "07/04/2006 19:01", "07/05/2006 00:00", "07/05/2006 05:00", "07/05/2006 05:01", "07/05/2006 10:01", "07/05/2006 15:00", "07/05/2006 20:00", "07/06/2006 01:00", "07/06/2006 01:01", "07/06/2006 06:00", "07/06/2006 06:01", "07/06/2006 11:00", "07/06/2006 11:01", "07/06/2006 16:00", "07/06/2006 21:00", "07/06/2006 21:01", "07/07/2006 02:00", "07/07/2006 07:00", "07/07/2006 12:01", "07/07/2006 17:00", "07/07/2006 22:01", "07/08/2006 03:00", "07/08/2006 08:01", "07/08/2006 13:01", "07/08/2006 18:00", "07/08/2006 18:01", "07/08/2006 23:01", "07/09/2006 04:00", "07/09/2006 09:00", "07/09/2006 14:00", "07/09/2006 19:01", "07/10/2006 00:01", "07/10/2006 05:00", "07/10/2006 10:01", "07/10/2006 15:00", "07/10/2006 15:01", "07/10/2006 20:00", "07/11/2006 01:00", "07/11/2006 01:01", "07/11/2006 06:00", "07/11/2006 06:01", "07/11/2006 11:00", "07/11/2006 11:01", "07/11/2006 16:00", "07/11/2006 21:00", "07/12/2006 02:00", "07/12/2006 02:01", "07/12/2006 07:01", "07/12/2006 12:00", "07/12/2006 12:01", "07/12/2006 17:00", "07/12/2006 17:01", "07/12/2006 22:00", "07/12/2006 22:01", "07/13/2006 03:01", "07/13/2006 08:01", "07/13/2006 08:02", "07/13/2006 13:00", "07/13/2006 13:01", "07/13/2006 18:01", "07/13/2006 23:01", "07/14/2006 04:00", "07/14/2006 04:01", "07/14/2006 09:00", "07/14/2006 09:01", "07/14/2006 14:00", "07/14/2006 14:01", "07/14/2006 19:00", "07/14/2006 19:01", "07/15/2006 00:00", "07/15/2006 00:01", "07/15/2006 05:00", "07/15/2006 10:01", "07/15/2006 15:00", "07/15/2006 15:01", "07/15/2006 20:02", "07/15/2006 20:03", "07/16/2006 01:00", "07/16/2006 01:01", "07/16/2006 06:00", "07/16/2006 06:01", "07/16/2006 11:00", "07/16/2006 11:03", "07/16/2006 16:01", "07/16/2006 21:00", "07/16/2006 21:02", "07/17/2006 02:00", "07/17/2006 02:01", "07/17/2006 07:00", "07/17/2006 07:03", "07/17/2006 12:00", "07/17/2006 12:02", "07/17/2006 17:00", "07/17/2006 22:00", "07/17/2006 22:01", "07/18/2006 03:01", "07/18/2006 08:00", "07/18/2006 08:01", "07/18/2006 13:00", "07/18/2006 18:00", "07/18/2006 23:00", "07/19/2006 04:01", "07/19/2006 09:00", "07/19/2006 09:01", "07/19/2006 14:00", "07/19/2006 19:00", "07/20/2006 00:00", "07/20/2006 00:01", "07/20/2006 05:00", "07/20/2006 05:01", "07/20/2006 10:00", "07/20/2006 15:01", "07/20/2006 20:00", "07/21/2006 01:00", "07/21/2006 06:00", "07/21/2006 11:00", "07/21/2006 11:01", "07/21/2006 16:00", "07/21/2006 16:01", "07/21/2006 21:00", "07/22/2006 02:00", "07/22/2006 07:01", "07/22/2006 12:00", "07/22/2006 17:00", "07/22/2006 17:01", "07/22/2006 22:00", "07/23/2006 03:00", "07/23/2006 08:00", "07/23/2006 13:00", "07/23/2006 18:00", "07/23/2006 23:00", "07/24/2006 04:00", "07/24/2006 04:01", "07/24/2006 09:01", "07/24/2006 14:00", "07/24/2006 19:01", "07/25/2006 00:00", "07/25/2006 00:01", "07/25/2006 05:00", "07/25/2006 05:01", "07/25/2006 10:01", "07/25/2006 15:00", "07/25/2006 15:01", "07/25/2006 20:01", "07/26/2006 01:00", "07/26/2006 01:01", "07/26/2006 06:00", "07/26/2006 11:00", "07/26/2006 16:01", "07/26/2006 21:00", "07/26/2006 21:01", "07/27/2006 02:00", "07/27/2006 02:01", "07/27/2006 07:00", "07/27/2006 07:01", "07/27/2006 12:00", "07/27/2006 17:00", "07/27/2006 22:01", "07/28/2006 03:00", "07/28/2006 03:01", "07/28/2006 08:00", "07/28/2006 08:01", "07/28/2006 13:00", "07/28/2006 18:00", "07/28/2006 23:01", "07/29/2006 04:00", "07/29/2006 04:03", "07/29/2006 09:00", "07/29/2006 14:00", "07/29/2006 19:00", "07/30/2006 00:00", "07/30/2006 00:01", "07/30/2006 05:00", "07/30/2006 05:01", "07/30/2006 10:00", "07/30/2006 10:01", "07/30/2006 15:00", "07/30/2006 20:01", "07/31/2006 01:01", "07/31/2006 01:03", "07/31/2006 06:00", "07/31/2006 06:01", "07/31/2006 11:00", "07/31/2006 11:01", "07/31/2006 16:00", "07/31/2006 21:01"), class = "factor")), .Names = c("ID", “长”，“纬度”，“DT”），类=“data.frame”，row.names = c（1L， 2L、3L、4L、5L、6L、7L、8L、9L、10L、706L、707L、708L、709L、 710L、711L、712L、713L、714L、715L、716L））

Answer 1

库（zoo）可以处理不规则的时间序列，并且正如 Gabor 所说，Zoo FAQ 具有每天聚合多个观察结果的方法：

z <- zoo( x=data.frame(....), order.by=loc$DateTime ) # translate 'loc' into zoo somehow 

za <- aggregate(z, identity, mean)  # take the mean of identically timed objects 

...并用局部拟合数据填充缺失的数据：

g  <- seq(start(z),end(z),by=1/frequency(z)) 
zi <- na.locf(z,xout=g)