ORDER BY 别名不起作用

Question

更新问题：

ERROR:  column "Fruits" does not exist

运行 Postgres 7.4（是的，我们正在升级）

为什么我不能按列别名进行排序？ ORDER BY 中也想要 tof."TypeOfFruits"，为什么？

SELECT (CASE
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'A' THEN 'Apple' 
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'P' THEN 'Pear' 
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'G' THEN 'Grapes' 
    ELSE 'Other' END) AS "Fruits",
    SUM(CASE WHEN r.order_date 
        BETWEEN DATE_TRUNC('DAY', LOCALTIMESTAMP) AND DATE_TRUNC('DAY', LOCALTIMESTAMP) + INTERVAL '1 DAY' 
        THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS daily, 
    SUM(CASE WHEN r.order_date 
        BETWEEN DATE_TRUNC('MONTH', LOCALTIMESTAMP) AND DATE_TRUNC('MONTH', LOCALTIMESTAMP) + INTERVAL '1 MONTH' 
        THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS monthly, 
    SUM(CASE WHEN r.order_date 
        BETWEEN DATE_TRUNC('YEAR', LOCALTIMESTAMP) AND DATE_TRUNC('YEAR', LOCALTIMESTAMP) + INTERVAL '1 YEAR' 
        THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS yearly, 
    SUM(CASE WHEN r.order_date >= '01-01-2011 00:00:00' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS lifetime 
FROM reports AS r, "TypeOfFruits" AS tof 
WHERE r.id = tof."ID" 
GROUP BY "Fruits"
ORDER BY CASE 
    WHEN "Fruits" = 'Apple' THEN 1 
    WHEN "Fruits" = 'Pear' THEN 2 
    WHEN "Fruits" = 'Grapes' THEN 3 
    ELSE 4 
END

截至目前的结果

Fruits;daily;monthly;yearly;lifetime
"Apple";17;1174;3136;3136
"Pear";28;94;94;94
"Grapes";0;191;490;490
"Other";0;2;27;27
"Other";0;0;1;1
"Other";0;0;27;27
"Other";0;6;28;28
"Other";0;58;229;229
"Other";0;3;3;3
"Other";0;0;1;1

所需的结果将是一行与“其他”总计，因此总共四行 （x 为总数）

Fruits;daily;monthly;yearly;lifetime
"Apple";17;1174;3136;3136
"Pear";28;94;94;94
"Grapes";0;191;490;490
"Other";x;x;x;x

Answer 1

您可以使用 ORDER BY 1 按第一个字段（“Fruits”）排序。同样适用于 GROUP BY

Update

订单，而不是做order by中的case，在..比如说..第二个位置创建一个新列：

(CASE 
    WHEN "Fruits" = 'Apple' THEN 1 
    WHEN "Fruits" = 'Pear' THEN 2 
    WHEN "Fruits" = 'Grapes' THEN 3 
    ELSE 4 ) as Order

然后在您的ORDER BY 2中。

Answer 2

其原因可以在文档：

[ORDER BY 列表中]的每个表达式可以是输出列（SELECT 列表项）的名称或序号，也可以是由输入< /em>-列值。

（我的重点）

这样做的原因是旧版本的 SQL 标准（SQL-92）仅允许按输出列名称或编号排序，而新版本允许按任意表达式排序，但这些表达式是由输入列值形成的。

其他答案已经包含适合您的情况的各种合适的解决方法。

Answer 3

考虑这样的事情：

SELECT * FROM (SELECT (CASE
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'A' THEN 'Apple' 
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'P' THEN 'Pear' 
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'G' THEN 'Grapes' 
    ELSE 'Other' END) AS "Fruits", 
    (CASE 
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'A' THEN 1 
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'P' THEN 2 
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'G' THEN 3 
    ELSE 4 END) as NUM

        FROM ..... <rest of your query without group by and order by .....
    )

GROUP BY Fruits
ORDER BY NUM

Answer 4

别名是在 order by 之后分配的，因此您不能在 order by 中使用它。使用这个代替：

(CASE
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'A' THEN 'Apple' 
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'P' THEN 'Pear' 
    WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'G' THEN 'Grapes' 
    ELSE 'Other' END)

Answer 5

你可以尝试这样的事情......未经测试，但我见过类似的查询。
让我知道它是否有效...

SELECT "Fruits",
    SUM(CASE WHEN r.order_date 
        BETWEEN DATE_TRUNC('DAY', LOCALTIMESTAMP) AND DATE_TRUNC('DAY', LOCALTIMESTAMP) + INTERVAL '1 DAY' 
        THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS daily, 
    SUM(CASE WHEN r.order_date 
        BETWEEN DATE_TRUNC('MONTH', LOCALTIMESTAMP) AND DATE_TRUNC('MONTH', LOCALTIMESTAMP) + INTERVAL '1 MONTH' 
        THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS monthly, 
    SUM(CASE WHEN r.order_date 
        BETWEEN DATE_TRUNC('YEAR', LOCALTIMESTAMP) AND DATE_TRUNC('YEAR', LOCALTIMESTAMP) + INTERVAL '1 YEAR' 
        THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS yearly, 
    SUM(CASE WHEN r.order_date >= '01-01-2011 00:00:00' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS lifetime 
FROM reports AS r
    ,(SELECT "ID",
             CASE
                WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'A' THEN 'Apple' 
                WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'P' THEN 'Pear' 
                WHEN tof."TypeOfFruits" = 'G' THEN 'Grapes' 
                ELSE 'Other'
             END AS "Fruits" FROM "TypeOfFruits" ) AS "tof"
WHERE r.id = tof."ID" 
GROUP BY "Fruits"
ORDER BY CASE 
    WHEN "Fruits" = 'Apple' THEN 1 
    WHEN "Fruits" = 'Pear' THEN 2 
    WHEN "Fruits" = 'Grapes' THEN 3 
    ELSE 4 
END

Answer 6

尝试使用反引号 (`) 而不是单/双引号来包裹您的别名。

MySQL 也有同样的问题；反引号解决了这个问题。