使用 G++ 时出现链接错误对于 MPI 代码
我的代码就这么简单:
#include <mpi.h>
int main(int argc, char**args) {
MPI_Init(&argc, &args);
int mpiSize;
int mpiRank;
MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &mpiSize);
MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &mpiRank);
MPI_Finalize();
}
我首先将其编译为目标文件:
g++ -c src/mpitest.cpp -o src/mpitest.o
然后我可以轻松使用 mpicxx:
mpicxx src/mpitest.o -o mpi
但我想使用 g++ 来代替,因为它对于 automake 来说更容易,所以我尝试了:
mpicxx src/mpitest.o -o mpi -show
它打印出:
g++ src/mpitest.o -o mpi -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/lib -lmpichcxx -lmpich -lopa -lpthread -lrt
是的,该命令实际上成功地做了同样的事情。但是,如果我尝试将其更改为(我只是更改目标文件并输出到最后):
g++ -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/lib -lmpichcxx -lmpich -lopa -lpthread -lrt src/mpitest.o -o mpi
这就是 automake 在添加 LDFLAGS 时所做的操作,g++ 开始抱怨...
src/mpitest.o: In function `main':
..src/mpitest.cpp:5: undefined reference to `MPI_Init'
../src/mpitest.cpp:8: undefined reference to `MPI_Comm_size'
../src/mpitest.cpp:9: undefined reference to `MPI_Comm_rank'
../src/mpitest.cpp:10: undefined reference to `MPI_Finalize'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
g++ 会发生什么?我不明白。请赐教。为什么这里的顺序很重要?从一开始就做我想做的事情的正确方法是什么?
非常感谢
p/s : g++ --version g++(Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5)4.4.3 mpi 是 mvapich2
My code is as simple as this:
#include <mpi.h>
int main(int argc, char**args) {
MPI_Init(&argc, &args);
int mpiSize;
int mpiRank;
MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &mpiSize);
MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &mpiRank);
MPI_Finalize();
}
I first compile it to object file:
g++ -c src/mpitest.cpp -o src/mpitest.o
Then I can easily use mpicxx:
mpicxx src/mpitest.o -o mpi
But I want to use g++ instead, because It's easier for automake, so I tried:
mpicxx src/mpitest.o -o mpi -show
It prints out:
g++ src/mpitest.o -o mpi -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/lib -lmpichcxx -lmpich -lopa -lpthread -lrt
And yes, that command actually does the same thing successfully. However, If I tried to change it to (I just change the object file and output to the end):
g++ -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/lib -lmpichcxx -lmpich -lopa -lpthread -lrt src/mpitest.o -o mpi
Which is what automake does when it adds LDFLAGS, the g++ start complaining...
src/mpitest.o: In function `main':
..src/mpitest.cpp:5: undefined reference to `MPI_Init'
../src/mpitest.cpp:8: undefined reference to `MPI_Comm_size'
../src/mpitest.cpp:9: undefined reference to `MPI_Comm_rank'
../src/mpitest.cpp:10: undefined reference to `MPI_Finalize'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
What happens with g++ ? I couldn't figure out. Please enlighten me. Why the order here matter at all ? What is the proper way to do what I want from the beginning ?
Thanks a lot
p/s : g++ --version
g++ (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5) 4.4.3
mpi is mvapich2
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我不太记得了,也许从版本 4 开始,与 -l 链接的库必须在所有源文件和目标文件之后传递。
I didn't really remember, maybe since version 4, library to link with -l must be passed after all source and object files.