尝试在 pyOpenGL 中绘制一个简单的正方形

发布于 2024-11-15 23:25:27 字数 714 浏览 5 评论 0原文

我正在尝试使用 pyopengl 自学 OpenGL，并且我对尝试渲染一个以原点为中心的简单 2D 正方形感到惊讶。每当我设置一个大于或等于 1 的数组值时，该形状就会占据整个屏幕，就好像我只查看轴的一小部分一样。我试图以 pyopengl 重写的 NeHe 教程为基础，但我找不到我做错了什么。

from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *

def display():
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)

    glBegin(GL_QUADS)
    glVertex3f(2,-2,0)
    glVertex3f(2,2,0)
    glVertex3f(-2,2,0)
    glVertex3f(-2,-2,0)
    glEnd()

    glutSwapBuffers()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH)
    glutInitWindowSize(640,480)
    glutCreateWindow("Hello World :'D")

    glutDisplayFunc(display)
    glutIdleFunc(display)
    glutMainLoop()

原文

I'm trying to teach myself OpenGL using pyopengl and I'm struck on trying to render a simple 2D square centered at the origin. Whenever I set an array value greater than or equal to 1, the shape takes up the entire screen as if I am only viewing a small section of the axis. I have tried to base it off the NeHe tutorials rewritten in pyopengl but I can't find what I'm doing wrong.

from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *

def display():
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)

    glBegin(GL_QUADS)
    glVertex3f(2,-2,0)
    glVertex3f(2,2,0)
    glVertex3f(-2,2,0)
    glVertex3f(-2,-2,0)
    glEnd()

    glutSwapBuffers()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH)
    glutInitWindowSize(640,480)
    glutCreateWindow("Hello World :'D")

    glutDisplayFunc(display)
    glutIdleFunc(display)
    glutMainLoop()

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花间憩 2024-11-22 23:25:27

您需要设置投影矩阵和视口。 Python 允许我们使用一点函数式编程来以合理的方式做到这一点：

from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *

def display(w, h):
    aspect = float(w)/float(h)
    glViewport(0, 0, w, h)
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
    glLoadIdentity()
    glOrtho(-aspect * 5, aspect * 5, -5, 5, -1, 1)

    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glLoadIdentity()

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)

    glBegin(GL_QUADS)
    glVertex3f(2,-2,0)
    glVertex3f(2,2,0)
    glVertex3f(-2,2,0)
    glVertex3f(-2,-2,0)
    glEnd()

    glutSwapBuffers()

def reshape(w, h):
    glutDisplayFunc(lambda: display(w, h))
    glutPostRedisplay();

if __name__ == '__main__':
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH)
    glutInitWindowSize(640,480)
    glutCreateWindow("Hello World :'D")

    glutReshapeFunc(reshape)
    glutIdleFunc(glutPostRedisplay)
    glutMainLoop()

You need to set the projection matrix and the viewport. Python allows us to use a little bit functional programming to do it the sane way:

from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *

def display(w, h):
    aspect = float(w)/float(h)
    glViewport(0, 0, w, h)
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
    glLoadIdentity()
    glOrtho(-aspect * 5, aspect * 5, -5, 5, -1, 1)

    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glLoadIdentity()

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)

    glBegin(GL_QUADS)
    glVertex3f(2,-2,0)
    glVertex3f(2,2,0)
    glVertex3f(-2,2,0)
    glVertex3f(-2,-2,0)
    glEnd()

    glutSwapBuffers()

def reshape(w, h):
    glutDisplayFunc(lambda: display(w, h))
    glutPostRedisplay();

if __name__ == '__main__':
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH)
    glutInitWindowSize(640,480)
    glutCreateWindow("Hello World :'D")

    glutReshapeFunc(reshape)
    glutIdleFunc(glutPostRedisplay)
    glutMainLoop()

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夜司空 2024-11-22 23:25:27

尝试设置非默认投影矩阵：

def display():
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)

    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
    glLoadIdentity()
    glOrtho( 0, 640, 0, 480, -10, 10)
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
    glLoadIdentity()

    ...

Try setting a non-default projection matrix:

def display():
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)

    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
    glLoadIdentity()
    glOrtho( 0, 640, 0, 480, -10, 10)
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
    glLoadIdentity()

    ...

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