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获取 Urllib2.Request 的请求标头？

发布于 2024-11-15 19:45:05 字数 68 浏览 1 评论 0原文

有没有办法从使用 Urllib2 创建的请求中获取标头或确认使用 urllib2.urlopen 发送的 HTTP 标头？

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不可一世的女人 2024-11-22 19:45:05

查看请求（和响应标头）的一个简单方法是启用调试输出：

opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPHandler(debuglevel=1))

然后您可以看到发送/接收的精确标头：

>>> opener.open('http://python.org')
send: 'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nAccept-Encoding: identity\r\nHost: python.org\r\nConnection: close\r\nUser-Agent: Python-urllib/2.7\r\n\r\n'
reply: 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'
header: Date: Tue, 14 Jun 2011 08:23:35 GMT
header: Server: Apache/2.2.16 (Debian)
header: Last-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2011 19:41:35 GMT
header: ETag: "105800d-486d-4a59d1b6699c0"
header: Accept-Ranges: bytes
header: Content-Length: 18541
header: Connection: close
header: Content-Type: text/html
header: X-Pad: avoid browser bug
<addinfourl at 140175550177224 whose fp = <socket._fileobject object at 0x7f7d29c3d5d0>>

您还可以在发出请求之前使用 urllib2.Request 对象标头进行设置（并覆盖默认标头，尽管不会事先出现在标头字典中）：

>>> req = urllib2.Request(url='http://python.org')
>>> req.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:5.0)')
>>> req.headers
{'User-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:5.0)'}

An easy way to see request (and response headers) is to enable debug output:

opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPHandler(debuglevel=1))

You then can see the precise headers sent/recieved:

>>> opener.open('http://python.org')
send: 'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nAccept-Encoding: identity\r\nHost: python.org\r\nConnection: close\r\nUser-Agent: Python-urllib/2.7\r\n\r\n'
reply: 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'
header: Date: Tue, 14 Jun 2011 08:23:35 GMT
header: Server: Apache/2.2.16 (Debian)
header: Last-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2011 19:41:35 GMT
header: ETag: "105800d-486d-4a59d1b6699c0"
header: Accept-Ranges: bytes
header: Content-Length: 18541
header: Connection: close
header: Content-Type: text/html
header: X-Pad: avoid browser bug
<addinfourl at 140175550177224 whose fp = <socket._fileobject object at 0x7f7d29c3d5d0>>

You can also set with the urllib2.Request objects headers before making the request (and override the default headers, although won't be present in the headers dict beforehand):

>>> req = urllib2.Request(url='http://python.org')
>>> req.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:5.0)')
>>> req.headers
{'User-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:5.0)'}

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