我决定尝试一下替换失败不是错误 (SFINAE)用于测试是否为自定义类型定义了全局运算符<< 的代码。
堆栈溢出问题SFINAE + sizeof = 检测表达式是否编译 已经通过 SFINAE 解决了对运算符 <<
的测试,但我的代码略有不同,并且产生了令人费解的结果。
具体来说,如果我尝试在 test_ostr 之后为我的自定义类型 (struct A) 定义 operator<<
,我下面的测试代码甚至无法编译。 code> SFINAE 模板代码 - 但是,根据我的理解,它应该可以正常工作,因为它是在 test_ostr 类的任何实际实例化之前定义的。
OTOH,如果我定义一个运算符<,它将会编译;<
对于一个甚至没有实例化或定义的不同类。但是,test_ostr
代码无法正确找到operator<<
。
此代码在 GCC 4.4.3 中编译并运行:
//#define BUG 1 // Uncomment and the program will not compile in GCC 4.4.3
//#define BUG 2 // Uncomment and the program will compile, but produces an incorrect result, claiming operator<< is not defined for A.
#include <iostream>
struct A{};
struct B{};
// If BUG is #defined, the operator<< for struct A will be defined AFTER the test_ostr code
// and if BUG <=1, then GCC 4.4.3 will not compile with the error:
// sfinae_bug.cpp:28: error: template argument 2 is invalid
#ifdef BUG
// if BUG > 1, defining the opertor << for *C*, an un-defined type, will make GCC magically compile!?
# if BUG > 1
struct C;
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const C&);
# endif
#endif
#ifndef BUG
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& ostr, const A&) { return ostr; };
#endif
template<class T>
struct test_ostr
{
template <class U, std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&, const U&) >
struct ostrfn;
template<class U>
static short sfinae(ostrfn<U, &operator<< >*);
template<class U>
static char sfinae(...);
enum { VALUE = sizeof(sfinae<T>(0)) - 1 };
};
#ifdef BUG
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& ostr, const A&) { return ostr; };
#endif
int main(void)
{
std::cout << "std::ostream defined for A: " << int(test_ostr<A>::VALUE) << std::endl;
std::cout << "std::ostream defined for B: " << int(test_ostr<B>::VALUE) << std::endl;
return 0;
}
显示错误的输出:
>c++ sfinae_bug.cpp && ./a.out
std::ostream defined for A: 1
std::ostream defined for B: 0
>c++ -DBUG sfinae_bug.cpp && ./a.out
sfinae_bug.cpp:28: error: template argument 2 is invalid
>c++ -DBUG=2 sfinae_bug.cpp && ./a.out
std::ostream defined for A: 0
std::ostream defined for B: 0
这些编译器错误吗?我错过了什么吗?不同编译器的结果是否不同?
I decided to try my own hand at a bit of Substitution Failure Is Not A Error (SFINAE) code to test if the global operator<<
is defined for a custom type.
The Stack Overflow question SFINAE + sizeof = detect if expression compiles already addresses testing for operator <<
through SFINAE, but my code is slightly different and is producing a puzzling result.
Specifically, my test code below won't even compile if I try to define operator<<
for my custom type (struct A) after the test_ostr
SFINAE template code -- but, from my understanding it should work fine since it's defined before any actual instantiation of the test_ostr class.
OTOH, it will compile if I define a operator<<
for a different class that is not even instantiated or defined. But, then the test_ostr
code fails to correctly find operator<<
.
This code compiles and runs in GCC 4.4.3:
//#define BUG 1 // Uncomment and the program will not compile in GCC 4.4.3
//#define BUG 2 // Uncomment and the program will compile, but produces an incorrect result, claiming operator<< is not defined for A.
#include <iostream>
struct A{};
struct B{};
// If BUG is #defined, the operator<< for struct A will be defined AFTER the test_ostr code
// and if BUG <=1, then GCC 4.4.3 will not compile with the error:
// sfinae_bug.cpp:28: error: template argument 2 is invalid
#ifdef BUG
// if BUG > 1, defining the opertor << for *C*, an un-defined type, will make GCC magically compile!?
# if BUG > 1
struct C;
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const C&);
# endif
#endif
#ifndef BUG
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& ostr, const A&) { return ostr; };
#endif
template<class T>
struct test_ostr
{
template <class U, std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&, const U&) >
struct ostrfn;
template<class U>
static short sfinae(ostrfn<U, &operator<< >*);
template<class U>
static char sfinae(...);
enum { VALUE = sizeof(sfinae<T>(0)) - 1 };
};
#ifdef BUG
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& ostr, const A&) { return ostr; };
#endif
int main(void)
{
std::cout << "std::ostream defined for A: " << int(test_ostr<A>::VALUE) << std::endl;
std::cout << "std::ostream defined for B: " << int(test_ostr<B>::VALUE) << std::endl;
return 0;
}
Output showing the bugs:
>c++ sfinae_bug.cpp && ./a.out
std::ostream defined for A: 1
std::ostream defined for B: 0
>c++ -DBUG sfinae_bug.cpp && ./a.out
sfinae_bug.cpp:28: error: template argument 2 is invalid
>c++ -DBUG=2 sfinae_bug.cpp && ./a.out
std::ostream defined for A: 0
std::ostream defined for B: 0
Are these compiler bugs? Am I missing something? Are the results different with a different compiler?
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这是错误的,因为
operator<<
是一个非依赖名称。因此,对于没有运算符<<
的情况,您的模板格式不正确,编译器有权在模板定义时拒绝它。当从属名称未声明时,SFINAE 适用。
This is wrong, because
operator<<
is a non-dependent name. So for the case there is nooperator<<
, your template is ill-formed, and the compiler is at right to reject it at template definition time.SFINAE applies when a dependent name turns out to be not declared.