构造函数链接和空引用测试

Question

如何在调用其他构造函数之前测试空值？

说：

  ' class MyHoyr '
  Public Sub New(ByVal myHour As MyHour)
    ' Can't doing it here !!!! '
    If myHour Is Nothing Then Throw New ArgumentNullException("myHour")

    ' Constructor call should be first '
    Me.New(myHour._timeSpan)

    ' Here is too late... '
  End Sub


  Private Sub New(ByVal timeSpan As TimeSpan)
    '.... '
  End Sub

Answer 1

我在 C# 中执行此操作的方法是在管道中使用静态方法，例如：

public MyHour(MyHour myHour) : this(GetTimeSpan(myHour))
{}

private static TimeSpan GetTimeSpan(MyHour myHour)
{
    if(myHour== null) throw new ArgumentNullException("myHour");
    return myHour._timeSpan;
}

private MyHour(TimeSpan timeSpan)
{...}

我假设您可以在 VB 中执行非常类似的操作。 （共享方法？）

Reflector 向我保证这会转化为：

Public Sub New(ByVal myHour As MyHour)
    Me.New(MyHour.GetTimeSpan(myHour))
End Sub

Private Sub New(ByVal timeSpan As TimeSpan)
End Sub

Private Shared Function GetTimeSpan(ByVal myHour As MyHour) As TimeSpan
    If (myHourIs Nothing) Then
        Throw New ArgumentNullException("myHour")
    End If
    Return myHour._timeSpan
End Function

Answer 2

一个丑陋的解决方法是扩展方法：

<Extension(), DebuggerNonUserCode()> _
Public Function EnsureNotNull(Of T As Class)(ByVal Value As T, _
                                             ByVal Arg As String) As T
    If Value Is Nothing Then Throw New ArgumentNullException(Arg)
    Return Value
End Function

使用如下：

' class MyHour '
Public Sub New(ByVal myHour As MyHour)
    Me.New(myHour.EnsureNotNull("myHour")._timeSpan)

End Sub

Answer 3

处理这个问题的一个简单方法是使用“命名构造函数”的思想，也称为工厂方法。

Public Shared Function Create (ByValue myHour As MyHour) As Foo
  If myHour Is Nothing Then Throw New ArgumentNullException("myHour")
  Return New Foo(myHour._timeSpan)
End Function

Private Sub New(ByVal timeSpan As TimeSpan)
  '.... '
End Sub

您可以使用 System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb 查看类似的示例 使用工厂方法来避免歧义。

Answer 4

我最初的冲动是建议您甚至没有采用 MyHour 实例的构造函数。相反，让用户检查类之外的任何内容：

Public Function GetSomeClassInstance(ByVal mh As MyHour) As SomeClass

    If mh IsNot Nothing Then
        Return New SomeClass(mh.TimeSpan)
    Else
        Throw New ArgumentNullException("mh", "MyHour instance must not be Nothing)
    End If

End Function

但是，使用私有构造函数实际构造对象，如下所示，可能会起作用（未经测试）：

Public Class SomeClass
    Public Sub New(ByVal mh As MyHour)
        MyClass.New(Nothing, mh)
    End Sub

    Public Sub New(ByVal ts As TimeSpan)
        MyClass.New(ts, Nothing)
    End Sub

    Private Sub New(ByVal ts As TimeSpan?, ByVal mh As MyHour)
        Dim _timeSpanToUse As TimeSpan

        If ts IsNot Nothing Then
            _timeSpanToUse = ts.Value
        Else
            If mh IsNot Nothing Then
                _timeSpanToUse = mh.TimeSpan
            Else
                Throw New ArgumentNullException("mh", "The MyHour parameter was NULL")
            End If
        End If

        'Continue using _timeSpanToUse here...
    End Sub
End Class