使用 openGL 和/或 X11 的屏幕截图

发布于 2024-11-08 16:31:06 字数 1889 浏览 5 评论 0原文

我正在尝试获取屏幕或窗口的屏幕截图。我尝试使用 X11 中的函数 而且效果很好。问题是从 XImage 获取像素需要花费大量时间。 我试图寻找一些关于如何使用 openGL 来做到这一点的答案。这就是我得到的:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <cstdio>
#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glx.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>


int main(int argc, char **argv)
{

int width=1200;
int height=800; 
//_____________________________----
 Display *dpy;
  Window root;
  GLint att[] = { GLX_RGBA, GLX_DEPTH_SIZE, 24, GLX_DOUBLEBUFFER, None };
  XVisualInfo *vi;
  GLXContext glc;

  dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL);

  if ( !dpy ) {
    printf("\n\tcannot connect to X server\n\n");
    exit(0);
  }

  root = DefaultRootWindow(dpy);
  vi = glXChooseVisual(dpy, 0, att);

  if (!vi) {
    printf("\n\tno appropriate visual found\n\n");
    exit(0);
  }

glXMakeCurrent(dpy, root, glc);
  glc = glXCreateContext(dpy, vi, NULL, GL_TRUE);


  printf("vendor: %s\n", (const char*)glGetString(GL_VENDOR));

//____________________________________________
glXMakeCurrent(dpy, root, glc);

glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); 
GLubyte* pixelBuffer = new GLubyte[sizeof(GLubyte)*width*height*3*3];

glReadBuffer(GL_FRONT); 

GLint ReadBuffer;
glGetIntegerv(GL_READ_BUFFER,&ReadBuffer);
glPixelStorei(GL_READ_BUFFER,GL_RGB);

GLint PackAlignment;
glGetIntegerv(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT,&PackAlignment); 
glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT,1);

glReadPixels(0, 0, width, height, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, pixelBuffer);

int i;

for (i=0;i<100;i++) printf("%u\n",((unsigned int *)pixelBuffer)[i]);



return 0;
}

当我运行该程序时,它返回一个错误: X 请求失败错误:BadAccess(尝试访问私有资源被拒绝) 失败请求的主要操作码:199 () 失败请求的次要操作码:26 失败请求序列号:20 输出流中的当前序列号:20

如果我用 glXMakeCurrent(dpy, root, glc); 注释该行;之前 glc = glXCreateContext(dpy, vi, NULL, GL_TRUE);它没有返回错误,但所有像素都是 0。

我应该如何解决这个问题?我是 openGL 的新手,也许我在这里遗漏了一些重要的东西。也许还存在另一种从屏幕或特定窗口获取像素的方法?

i am trying to get a screenshot of the screen or a window. I tried using functions from X11
and it works fine. The problem is that getting the pixels from XImage takes a lot of time.
Than i tried to look for some answers on how to do it using openGL. Here's what i've got:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <cstdio>
#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glx.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>


int main(int argc, char **argv)
{

int width=1200;
int height=800; 
//_____________________________----
 Display *dpy;
  Window root;
  GLint att[] = { GLX_RGBA, GLX_DEPTH_SIZE, 24, GLX_DOUBLEBUFFER, None };
  XVisualInfo *vi;
  GLXContext glc;

  dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL);

  if ( !dpy ) {
    printf("\n\tcannot connect to X server\n\n");
    exit(0);
  }

  root = DefaultRootWindow(dpy);
  vi = glXChooseVisual(dpy, 0, att);

  if (!vi) {
    printf("\n\tno appropriate visual found\n\n");
    exit(0);
  }

glXMakeCurrent(dpy, root, glc);
  glc = glXCreateContext(dpy, vi, NULL, GL_TRUE);


  printf("vendor: %s\n", (const char*)glGetString(GL_VENDOR));

//____________________________________________
glXMakeCurrent(dpy, root, glc);

glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); 
GLubyte* pixelBuffer = new GLubyte[sizeof(GLubyte)*width*height*3*3];

glReadBuffer(GL_FRONT); 

GLint ReadBuffer;
glGetIntegerv(GL_READ_BUFFER,&ReadBuffer);
glPixelStorei(GL_READ_BUFFER,GL_RGB);

GLint PackAlignment;
glGetIntegerv(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT,&PackAlignment); 
glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT,1);

glReadPixels(0, 0, width, height, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, pixelBuffer);

int i;

for (i=0;i<100;i++) printf("%u\n",((unsigned int *)pixelBuffer)[i]);



return 0;
}

when i run the program it returns an error:
X Error of failed request: BadAccess (attempt to access private resource denied)
Major opcode of failed request: 199 ()
Minor opcode of failed request: 26
Serial number of failed request: 20
Current serial number in output stream: 20

if i comment the line with glXMakeCurrent(dpy, root, glc); before glc = glXCreateContext(dpy, vi, NULL, GL_TRUE); it returns no erros, but all the pixels are 0.

How should i go about this problem? I am new to openGL and maybe i am missing something important here. Maybe also another way of getting pixels from the screen or specific window exists?

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评论(3

乖乖公主 2024-11-15 16:31:06

我认为你想做的事情是不可能的。您无法使用 OpenGL 从不属于您的窗口读取像素,并且该窗口甚至可能不使用 OpenGL。你需要坚持使用X11。

如果您有 XImage,您可以从 ximage->data 获取原始像素。只要确保您以正确的格式阅读即可。

http://tronche.com/gui/x/xlib/graphics/images.html

I don't think what you are trying to do is possible. You can't use OpenGL to read pixels from window you don't own and which probably don't even use OpenGL. You need to stick to X11.

If you have XImage you can get raw pixels from ximage->data. Just make sure you are reading it in correct format.

http://tronche.com/gui/x/xlib/graphics/images.html

毅然前行 2024-11-15 16:31:06

您可以使用XShmGetImage,但您必须首先查询X11服务器的扩展,以确保MIT-SHM扩展可用。您还需要知道如何为此设置和使用共享内存段。

查询扩展:

http:// git.videolan.org/?p=ffmpeg.git;a=blob;f=libavdevice/x11grab.c#l224

获取图像:

http://git.videolan.org/?p=ffmpeg.git;a=blob;f=libavdevice /x11grab.c#l537

You can use XShmGetImage, but you have to query the extensions of the X11 server first, to make sure MIT-SHM extension is available. You also need to know how to setup and use a shared memory segment for this.

Querying the Extension:

http://git.videolan.org/?p=ffmpeg.git;a=blob;f=libavdevice/x11grab.c#l224

Getting the image:

http://git.videolan.org/?p=ffmpeg.git;a=blob;f=libavdevice/x11grab.c#l537

寄意 2024-11-15 16:31:06

以下代码在我的平台上以 140 fps 运行一次。 xcb_image_get()(使用 XCB_IMAGE_FORMAT_Z_PIXMAP 调用)会将所有像素逐像素存储在 ximg->data 中。在我的平台上,每个像素是 32 位,每个通道是 8 位,并且有 3 个通道(每个像素 8 位未使用)。

/*
gcc ss.c -o ss -lxcb -lxcb-image && ./ss
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <xcb/xcb_image.h>

xcb_screen_t* xcb_get_screen(xcb_connection_t* connection){
  const xcb_setup_t* setup = xcb_get_setup(connection);  // I think we don't need to free/destroy this!
  return xcb_setup_roots_iterator(setup).data;
}

void xcb_image_print(xcb_image_t* ximg){
  printf("xcb_image_print()  Printing a (%u,%u) `xcb_image_t` of %u bytes\n\n", ximg->height, ximg->width, ximg->size);
  for(int i=0; i < ximg->size; i += 4){
    printf(" ");
    printf("%02x", ximg->data[i+3]);
    printf("%02x", ximg->data[i+2]);
    printf("%02x", ximg->data[i+1]);
    printf("%02x", ximg->data[i+0]);
  }
  puts("\n");
}

int main(){
  // Connect to the X server
  xcb_connection_t* connection = xcb_connect(NULL, NULL);
  xcb_screen_t* screen         = xcb_get_screen(connection);

  // Get pixels!
  xcb_image_t* ximg = xcb_image_get(connection, screen->root, 0, 0, screen->width_in_pixels, screen->height_in_pixels, 0xffffffff, XCB_IMAGE_FORMAT_Z_PIXMAP);
  // ... Now all pixels are in ximg->data!

  xcb_image_print(ximg);

  // Clean-up
  xcb_image_destroy(ximg);
  xcb_disconnect(connection);
}

The following runs once at 140 fps on my platform. xcb_image_get() (called with XCB_IMAGE_FORMAT_Z_PIXMAP) will store all pixels in ximg->data, pixel by pixel. On my platform, each pixel is 32 bits, each channel is 8 bits, and there's 3 channels (to 8 bits per pixel are unused).

/*
gcc ss.c -o ss -lxcb -lxcb-image && ./ss
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <xcb/xcb_image.h>

xcb_screen_t* xcb_get_screen(xcb_connection_t* connection){
  const xcb_setup_t* setup = xcb_get_setup(connection);  // I think we don't need to free/destroy this!
  return xcb_setup_roots_iterator(setup).data;
}

void xcb_image_print(xcb_image_t* ximg){
  printf("xcb_image_print()  Printing a (%u,%u) `xcb_image_t` of %u bytes\n\n", ximg->height, ximg->width, ximg->size);
  for(int i=0; i < ximg->size; i += 4){
    printf(" ");
    printf("%02x", ximg->data[i+3]);
    printf("%02x", ximg->data[i+2]);
    printf("%02x", ximg->data[i+1]);
    printf("%02x", ximg->data[i+0]);
  }
  puts("\n");
}

int main(){
  // Connect to the X server
  xcb_connection_t* connection = xcb_connect(NULL, NULL);
  xcb_screen_t* screen         = xcb_get_screen(connection);

  // Get pixels!
  xcb_image_t* ximg = xcb_image_get(connection, screen->root, 0, 0, screen->width_in_pixels, screen->height_in_pixels, 0xffffffff, XCB_IMAGE_FORMAT_Z_PIXMAP);
  // ... Now all pixels are in ximg->data!

  xcb_image_print(ximg);

  // Clean-up
  xcb_image_destroy(ximg);
  xcb_disconnect(connection);
}
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