两国之间的专用应用程序 IP 路由

发布于 2024-11-08 13:48:42 字数 338 浏览 6 评论 0原文

我在口语考试中被问到一个问题：

You are accessing a website whose webserver is located in country A.
You are in Country B.
You know that the TCP/UDP Packets pass through Country C while travelling from Country B to Country A.
How will you avoid your packets to travel via Country C, and rather select a different route ?

有答案吗？

原文

I was asked a question in my oral exams:

You are accessing a website whose webserver is located in country A.
You are in Country B.
You know that the TCP/UDP Packets pass through Country C while travelling from Country B to Country A.
How will you avoid your packets to travel via Country C, and rather select a different route ?

Any answers for this ?

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临走之时 2024-11-15 13:48:42

拓扑如下所示（我已将网络服务器注释为 Z，如下）：

  new fiber (in ASN 777)
     +-------+
     |       |
Z----A---C---B
     |   |   |
     <INTERNET>

执行摘要

由于没有其他规则，因此国家 A 和 B 可以做的最聪明事情是购买 A 和 B 之间的直接光纤¹。 B 国必须管理两侧的路由器，并在 BGP 中宣布一条从 A 国 B 的路由器到 B 国 B 的路由器的一条小路由（类似于 /24 块）。B 应该获得新的 ASN 用于此目的（我们将其称为 ASN 777）。

重要详细信息

现在，确保需要连接到 B 国 Z 的所有用户都可以通过 eBGP² 直接连接到与 B 的洲际路由器对等的 ISP。国家 A 必须确保 Z 直接连接到首选通过国家 A 中的路由器到达国家 B 的路由的 ISP²。

之所以有效，是因为 eBGP 根据 ISP 跳数³选择一条最短路径；所有的变量都直接在B国和A国的控制之中。

结束说明

即使这是跨洋光纤线路；最大的要求是它不经过C的领土（甚至不靠近他们的盟友，如果安全非常关键的话）。如果您通过任何第三方在国家/地区之间传递流量（在另一个答案中包含代理建议），您确实无法控制。另请理解，暗光纤可能不会削减它......由于国家之间通常存在距离，因此需要内嵌托管光纤中继器。
所有相关 ISP 必须拒绝通过任何其他 ASN 的 Z 和 B 路由，除非通过 ASN 777。如果您过于偏执（这在管理上是可能的），请将 Z 以及 Z 中数据的所有用户放入 ASN 777。
从技术上讲，ISP 跃点测量为自治系统编号，这是 eBGP 评估路由偏好的方式（交叉的 ASN 数量越少，路由越好）。< /p>

The topology looks like this (I have annotated the webserver as Z, below):

  new fiber (in ASN 777)
     +-------+
     |       |
Z----A---C---B
     |   |   |
     <INTERNET>

Executive Summary

Since there are no rules otherwise, the smartest thing countries A and B could do is purchase a direct fiber run between A and B¹. Country B must administer the routers on both sides and announce a small route (something like a /24 block) in BGP from B's router in country A to B's router in B. B should obtain a new ASN for this purpose (we'll call it ASN 777).

Important Details

Now ensure that all users needing connectivity to Z in country B have a direct connection to an ISP peering with B's intercontinental routers via eBGP². Country A must ensure that Z is directly connected to an ISP that prefers routes to country B through their router in country A².

The reason this works is because eBGP picks one shortest path based on the number of ISP hops³; and all the variables are directly in country B and country A's control.

END NOTES

Even if this is a trans-oceanic fiber run; the biggest requirement is that it does not pass through C's territory (or even close to their allies, if security is very critical). You really have no control if you pass traffic between the coutries via any third party (to include the proxy-suggestion in another answer). Also understand that dark-fiber probably will not cut it... due to the distances that are usually involved between countries, managed fiber repeaters will be required in-line.
All ISPs in question must refuse routes for Z and B via any other ASN, except through ASN 777. If you are ultra-paranoid (and it's administratively possible), put Z and all users of the data from Z into ASN 777.
Technically, ISP hops are measured as Autonomous System Numbers, which is how eBGP evaluates route preference (lower numbers of ASNs crossed are better routes).

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