python 字典值排序

发布于 2024-11-08 12:28:31 字数 828 浏览 0 评论 0原文

我有 2 个字典,dict1dict2,它们包含相同的键,但键的值不同。我想要做的是对于每个字典,将值从最大到最小排序,然后为每个值赋予 1-N 的等级,1 是最大值。从这里,我想获得每个字典中同一键的值的排名差异。例如:

dict1 = {a:0.6, b:0.3, c:0.9, d:1.2, e:0.2}
dict2 = {a:1.4, b:7.7, c:9.0, d:2.5, e:2.0}

# sorting by values would look like this:
dict1 = {d:1.2, c:0.9, a:0.6, b:0.3, e:0.2}
dict2 = {c:9.0, b:7.7, d:2.5, e:2.0, a:1.4}

#ranking the values would produce this:
dict1 = {d:1, c:2, a:3, b:4, e:5}
dict2 = {c:1, b:2, d:3, e:4, a:5}

#computing the difference between ranks would be something like this:
diffs = {}
for x in dict1.keys():
    diffs[x] = (dict1[x] - dict2[x])

#diffs would look like this:
diffs[a] = -2
diffs[b] = 2
diffs[c] = 1
diffs[d] = -2
diffs[e] = 1

我知道字典是随机的且不可排序,但也许有一种方法可以将键和值放入列表中?我面临的主要挑战是获取按值(从大到小)排序的键和值,然后将值更改为排序列表中相应的排名。

I have 2 dictionaries, dict1 and dict2 which contain the same keys, but different values for the keys. What I want to do is for each dictionary, sort the values from largest to smallest, and then give each value a rank 1-N, 1 being the largest value. From here, I want to get the difference of the ranks for the values in each dictionary for the same key. For example:

dict1 = {a:0.6, b:0.3, c:0.9, d:1.2, e:0.2}
dict2 = {a:1.4, b:7.7, c:9.0, d:2.5, e:2.0}

# sorting by values would look like this:
dict1 = {d:1.2, c:0.9, a:0.6, b:0.3, e:0.2}
dict2 = {c:9.0, b:7.7, d:2.5, e:2.0, a:1.4}

#ranking the values would produce this:
dict1 = {d:1, c:2, a:3, b:4, e:5}
dict2 = {c:1, b:2, d:3, e:4, a:5}

#computing the difference between ranks would be something like this:
diffs = {}
for x in dict1.keys():
    diffs[x] = (dict1[x] - dict2[x])

#diffs would look like this:
diffs[a] = -2
diffs[b] = 2
diffs[c] = 1
diffs[d] = -2
diffs[e] = 1

I know dictionaries are meant to be random and not sortable, but maybe there is a method to put the keys and values into a list? The main challenges I am facing are getting the keys and values sorted by value (largest to smallest) and then changing the value to its respective rank in the sorted list.

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携君以终年 2024-11-15 12:28:31

对于小字典来说,一个简单的解决方案是

dict1 = {"a":0.6, "b":0.3, "c":0.9, "d":1.2, "e":0.2}
dict2 = {"a":1.4, "b":7.7, "c":9.0, "d":2.5, "e":2.0}
k1 = sorted(dict1, key=dict1.get)
k2 = sorted(dict2, key=dict2.get)
diffs = dict((k, k2.index(k) - k1.index(k)) for k in dict1)

针对较大字典的更高效、可读性较差的版本:

ranks1 = dict(map(reversed, enumerate(sorted(dict1, key=dict1.get))))
ranks2 = dict(map(reversed, enumerate(sorted(dict2, key=dict2.get))))
diffs = dict((k, ranks2[k] - ranks1[k]) for k in dict1)

A simple solution for small dicts is

dict1 = {"a":0.6, "b":0.3, "c":0.9, "d":1.2, "e":0.2}
dict2 = {"a":1.4, "b":7.7, "c":9.0, "d":2.5, "e":2.0}
k1 = sorted(dict1, key=dict1.get)
k2 = sorted(dict2, key=dict2.get)
diffs = dict((k, k2.index(k) - k1.index(k)) for k in dict1)

A more efficient, less readable version for larger dicts:

ranks1 = dict(map(reversed, enumerate(sorted(dict1, key=dict1.get))))
ranks2 = dict(map(reversed, enumerate(sorted(dict2, key=dict2.get))))
diffs = dict((k, ranks2[k] - ranks1[k]) for k in dict1)
爱*していゐ 2024-11-15 12:28:31

您可能对 collections.OrderedDict 感兴趣,

这是一个示例,我最初的想法您是否还在寻找带有按值排序的键的字典,例如 od1 和 od2 。

d1 = {"a":0.6, "b":0.3, "c":0.9, "d":1.2, "e":0.2}
d2 = {"a":1.4, "b":7.7, "c":9.0, "d":2.5, "e":2.0}

od1 = OrderedDict(sorted(d1.items(), key=lambda t: t[1]))
od2 = OrderedDict(sorted(d2.items(), key=lambda t: t[1]))

k1 = od1.keys()
k2 = od2.keys()

diff = dict((k, n - k2.index(k)) for n, k in enumerate(k1))

如果您不需要它们,那么 Sven 解决方案可能会更快。

编辑:老实说没那么快...(sven.py是他的第二个更高效的版本):

$ cat /tmp/mine.py | time python -m timeit
10000000 loops, best of 3: 0.0842 usec per loop
real    0m 3.69s
user    0m 3.38s
sys 0m 0.03s
$ cat /tmp/sven.py | time python -m timeit
10000000 loops, best of 3: 0.085 usec per loop
real    0m 3.86s
user    0m 3.42s
sys 0m 0.03s

如果有人想发布格式化的更大的字典,我也会测试它们。

You may be interested in collections.OrderedDict

Here's a sample, my initial thougth is you were also looking for dictionaries with keys ordered by values, things that od1 and od2 are.

d1 = {"a":0.6, "b":0.3, "c":0.9, "d":1.2, "e":0.2}
d2 = {"a":1.4, "b":7.7, "c":9.0, "d":2.5, "e":2.0}

od1 = OrderedDict(sorted(d1.items(), key=lambda t: t[1]))
od2 = OrderedDict(sorted(d2.items(), key=lambda t: t[1]))

k1 = od1.keys()
k2 = od2.keys()

diff = dict((k, n - k2.index(k)) for n, k in enumerate(k1))

If you don't need them then Sven solution is probably faster.

edit: not that faster honestly... (sven.py is his second, more efficient version):

$ cat /tmp/mine.py | time python -m timeit
10000000 loops, best of 3: 0.0842 usec per loop
real    0m 3.69s
user    0m 3.38s
sys 0m 0.03s
$ cat /tmp/sven.py | time python -m timeit
10000000 loops, best of 3: 0.085 usec per loop
real    0m 3.86s
user    0m 3.42s
sys 0m 0.03s

If someone wants to post formatted bigger dicts I'll test them too.

戏蝶舞 2024-11-15 12:28:31

你使用什么版本的Python?如果是 2.7,则使用 OrderedDict。

根据 Python 2.7 docs

OrderedDict(sorted(d.items(), key=d.get))

如果您使用的是 Python 2.4-2.6,您仍然可以使用OrderedDict 通过从 pypi 此处 安装它或者如果您有 setuptools,运行

easy_install ordereddict

What version of python are you using? If 2.7, use OrderedDict.

Per the Python 2.7 docs:

OrderedDict(sorted(d.items(), key=d.get))

If you're using Python 2.4-2.6 you can still use OrderedDict by installing it from pypi here or if you have setuptools, run

easy_install ordereddict
無處可尋 2024-11-15 12:28:31

字典不是解决这个问题的正确数据结构。您应该尽快转换为排序列表,并仅生成字典作为最终结果。以下示例解决方案尽可能使用迭代器和生成器表达式,以避免在此过程中创建太多(可能很大)的帮助器列表:

def get_ranking(vals):
    '''Return a list of pairs: (key, ranking), sorted by key.'''
    ranking = sorted(((v, k) for k, v in vals.iteritems()), reverse=True)
    return sorted((k, i) for (i, (_v, k)) in enumerate(ranking))

def ranking_diff(rank1, rank2):
    return dict((k, v1 - v2) for (k, v1), (_, v2) in itertools.izip(rank1, rank2))

def get_diffs(dict1, dict2):
    r1 = get_ranking(dict1)
    r2 = get_ranking(dict2)
    return ranking_diff(r1, r2)

print get_diffs(dict1, dict2)
# prints: {'a': -2, 'c': 1, 'b': 2, 'e': 1, 'd': -2}

请注意,此解决方案假设两个字典包含完全相同的键。

A dictionary is not the right data structure to solve this problem. You should convert to sorted lists as soon as possible and produce the dictionary only as the final result. The following sample solution uses iterators and generator expressions where possible, to avoid creating too many (potentially large) helper lists along the way:

def get_ranking(vals):
    '''Return a list of pairs: (key, ranking), sorted by key.'''
    ranking = sorted(((v, k) for k, v in vals.iteritems()), reverse=True)
    return sorted((k, i) for (i, (_v, k)) in enumerate(ranking))

def ranking_diff(rank1, rank2):
    return dict((k, v1 - v2) for (k, v1), (_, v2) in itertools.izip(rank1, rank2))

def get_diffs(dict1, dict2):
    r1 = get_ranking(dict1)
    r2 = get_ranking(dict2)
    return ranking_diff(r1, r2)

print get_diffs(dict1, dict2)
# prints: {'a': -2, 'c': 1, 'b': 2, 'e': 1, 'd': -2}

Please note that this solution assumes that both dicts contain exactly the same keys.

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