重命名文件扩展名而不指定

发布于 2024-11-08 03:49:46 字数 641 浏览 0 评论 0原文

我正在创建一个 bash shell 脚本，它将重命名文件扩展名，而无需指定旧的文件扩展名。如果我在 Linux 的终端中输入“change foo *”，它会将所有文件扩展名更改为 foo。

假设我有四个文件：“file1.txt”、“file2.txt.txt”、“file3.txt.txt.txt”和“file4”。

当我运行命令时，文件应如下所示：“file1.foo”，“file2.txt.foo”，“file3.txt.txt.foo”和“file4.foo”

有人可以查看我的代码并更正它。如果有人能为我实现这个，我也将不胜感激。

    #!/bin/bash

    shift

    ext=$1

    for file in "$@"
    do
        cut=`echo $FILE |sed -n '/^[a-Z0-9]*\./p'`
        if test "${cut}X" == 'X'; then
            new="$file.$ext"
        else
            new=`echo $file | sed "s/\(.*\)\..*/\1.$ext/"`
        fi
        mv $file $new
    done
    exit

原文

I am creating a bash shell script that will rename a file extension without having to specify the old file extension name. If I enter "change foo *" to the Terminal in Linux, it will change all file extension to foo.

So lets say I've got four files: "file1.txt", "file2.txt.txt", "file3.txt.txt.txt" and "file4."

When I run the command, the files should look like this: "file1.foo", "file2.txt.foo", "file3.txt.txt.foo" and "file4.foo"

Can someone look at my code and correct it. I would also appreciate it if someone can implement this for me.

    #!/bin/bash

    shift

    ext=$1

    for file in "$@"
    do
        cut=`echo $FILE |sed -n '/^[a-Z0-9]*\./p'`
        if test "${cut}X" == 'X'; then
            new="$file.$ext"
        else
            new=`echo $file | sed "s/\(.*\)\..*/\1.$ext/"`
        fi
        mv $file $new
    done
    exit

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花开半夏魅人心 2024-11-15 03:49:46

始终在变量替换周围使用双引号，例如 echo "$FILE" 而不是 echo $FILE。如果没有双引号，shell 会扩展变量值中的空格和通配符 (\[*?)。（在某些情况下，您不需要引号，有时您确实需要分词，但这是为了将来的课程。）
我不确定您想用 sed 做什么，但无论它是什么，我确信它在 shell 中是可行的。
- 检查$FILE是否包含点：case "$FILE" in *.*) echo yes;; *）回显否；； esac
- 要从 $FILE 中删除最后一个扩展名：${FILE%.*}。例如，如果 $FILE 是 file1.txt.foo，则会生成 file1.txt。更一般地说，${FILE%SOME_PATTERN} 扩展为 $FILE，并删除匹配 SOME_PATTERN 的最短后缀。如果没有匹配的后缀，它将扩展为 $FILE 不变。变体 ${FILE%%SOME_PATTERN} 会去除最长的后缀。同样，${FILE#SOME_PATTERN} 和 ${FILE##SOME_PATTERN} 去除后缀。
test "${TEMP}X" == 'X' 很奇怪。这看起来像是过去的一个被遗忘的把戏。正常的编写方式是 [ "$TEMP" = "" ] 或 [ -z "$TEMP" ]。使用 == 代替 = 是 bash 扩展。如果 $TEMP 看起来像一个运算符，曾经有一些有缺陷的 shell 可能会错误地解析命令，但这些已经走上了恐龙的道路，即使如此，X需要位于开头，因为有问题的运算符以 - 开头：[ "X$TEMP" == "X" ]。
如果文件名以 - 开头，mv 会认为这是一个选项。使用 -- 表示“就是这样，没有更多选项，后面的都是操作数”：mv -- "$FILE" "$NEW_FILE"。
这是非常小的，但常见（非通用）约定是使用大写字母表示环境变量，使用小写字母表示内部脚本变量。
由于您仅使用标准 shell 功能，因此可以使用 #!/bin/sh 启动脚本（当然，#!/bin/bash 也可以）。
脚本末尾的 exit 是没有用的。

应用所有这些，这就是生成的脚本。

#!/bin/sh
ext="$1"; shift
for file in "$@"; do
  base="${file%.*}"
  mv -- "$file" "$base.$ext"
done

Always use double quotes around variable substitutions, e.g. echo "$FILE" and not echo $FILE. Without double quotes, the shell expands whitespace and glob characters (\[*?) in the value of the variable. (There are cases where you don't need the quotes, and sometimes you do want word splitting, but that's for a future lesson.)
I'm not sure what you're trying to do with sed, but whatever it is, I'm sure it's doable in the shell.
- To check if $FILE contains a dot: case "$FILE" in *.*) echo yes;; *) echo no;; esac
- To strip the last extension from $FILE: ${FILE%.*}. For example, if $FILE is file1.txt.foo, this produces file1.txt. More generally, ${FILE%SOME_PATTERN} expands to $FILE with a the shortest suffix matching SOME_PATTERN stripped off. If there is no matching suffix, it expands to $FILE unchanged. The variant ${FILE%%SOME_PATTERN} strips the longest suffix. Similarly, ${FILE#SOME_PATTERN} and ${FILE##SOME_PATTERN} strip a suffix.
test "${TEMP}X" == 'X' is weird. This looks like a misremembered trick from the old days. The normal way of writing this is [ "$TEMP" = "" ] or [ -z "$TEMP" ]. Using == instead of = is a bash extension. There used to be buggy shells that might parse the command incorrectly if $TEMP looked like an operator, but these have gone the way of the dinosaur, and even then, the X needs to be at the beginning, because the problematic operators begin with a -: [ "X$TEMP" == "X" ].
If a file name begins with a -, mv will think it's an option. Use -- to say “that's it, no more options, whatever follows is an operand”: mv -- "$FILE" "$NEW_FILE".
This is very minor, but a common (not universal) convention is to use capital letters for environment variables and lowercase letters for internal script variables.
Since you're using only standard shell features, you can start the script with #!/bin/sh (but #!/bin/bash works too, of course).
exit at the end of the script is useless.

Applying all of these, here's the resulting script.

#!/bin/sh
ext="$1"; shift
for file in "$@"; do
  base="${file%.*}"
  mv -- "$file" "$base.$ext"
done

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段念尘 2024-11-15 03:49:46

不完全是您要问的问题，但请查看 perl rename 实用程序。非常强大！ man rename 是一个好的开始。

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小…楫夜泊 2024-11-15 03:49:46

用途：用于*.gif文件；执行 mv $file ${file%.gif}.jpg;完成

或参见如何重命名多个文件< /a>

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眼前雾蒙蒙 2024-11-15 03:49:46

对我来说这很有效，

for FILE in `ls`
do
NEW_FILE=${FILE%.*}
NEW_FILE=${NEW_FILE}${EXT}
done

我只是想告诉一下 NEW_FILE=${FILE%.*}。
这里 NEW_FILE 获取文件名作为输出。您可以随意使用它。
我在 bash 中使用 uname -a = "Linux 2.4.20-8smp #1 SMP Thu Mar 13 17:45:54 EST 2003 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux" 进行了测试

For me this worked

for FILE in `ls`
do
NEW_FILE=${FILE%.*}
NEW_FILE=${NEW_FILE}${EXT}
done

I just want to tell about NEW_FILE=${FILE%.*}.
Here NEW_FILE gets the file name as output. You can use it as you want.
I tested in bash with uname -a = "Linux 2.4.20-8smp #1 SMP Thu Mar 13 17:45:54 EST 2003 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux"

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~没有更多了~