JPA 基于集合元素匹配进行选择,或空集合
我有一个单位,它有一个单位类型和一个组织。我有一份合同,其中包含单位类型和组织的集合。我想选择单元,以及在其集合中具有单元的 UnitType 的合约,或者如果没有匹配项,则选择具有空 UnitType 集合的 UnitType。
澄清一下,在每种情况下我都想选择单位。如果在合同的 UnitTypes 集合中存在具有单位指定类型的合同,那么我想选择该合同。如果这样的合同不存在,那么我想选择根本没有 UnitTypes 的合同。换句话说,我想要适用于该单位类型的合同,但如果它不存在,我将采用与单位类型无关的合同作为默认值。
示例 1:
Unit A has type XYZ.
Contract B has types [ ABC, DEF ]
Contract C has types []
在本例中,我将选择单位和合同 C,因为 B 的类型不匹配。
示例 2:
Unit A has type XYZ
Contract B has types [XYZ, ABC]
Contract C has types []
在本例中,我会选择合同 B,因为它与单位类型匹配。
以下查询适用于示例 2,但不适用于示例 1。
SELECT NEW mypackage.view.MyAggregateView(
u
, MAX(sc.serviceDate)
, c.survey.key )
FROM Contract c
, Unit u
LEFT JOIN u.serviceCalls sc
WHERE c.organization.key = u.organization.key
AND u.organization.key = :organizationKey
AND ((u.unitType MEMBER OF c.unitTypes)
OR (c.unitTypes IS EMPTY))
GROUP BY u, c.survey.key
如何在这两种情况下执行此操作并确保获得正确的合同?
又一个例子:
我最近又遇到了这个问题。我有一个区域,其中包含邮政编码的集合以及可选的组织集合。我还有一个单位,它与一个组织有一对一的联系,并且有一个邮政编码。我想获取该地区邮政编码内的所有适当单位。如果该地区没有组织,那么我应该获取邮政编码内的所有单位,否则我应该只获取其组织与该地区内指定的组织之一相匹配的单位。
这是我的查询
Select u.key, u.organization.key
from Unit u, Region r
where r.key = -1
and u.address.postalCode member of r.zips
and r.organizations is empty
此查询为我提供了所有预期结果。以下查询不会以任何方式限制结果集,因为它只是添加一个 OR,但不会给我任何结果。
Select u.key, u.organization.key
from Unit u, Region r
where r.key = -1
and u.address.postalCode member of r.zips
and ((r.organizations is empty) OR (r.organizations is not empty and u.organization member of r.organizations))
我正在使用 eclipse link 2.0.1 来对抗 postgres 9。我也使用 eclipselink 2.2.0 得到了相同的结果。
I have a Unit which has a UnitType and an Organization. I have a Contract which has a collection of UnitTypes and an Organization. I would like to select the unit, and either the contract that has the Unit's UnitType in its collection, OR the UnitType that has an empty UnitType collection if there is no match.
To clarify, in every case I want to select the Unit. If there exists a Contract which has the unit's specified type in the contract's collection of UnitTypes then I would like to select that contract. If such a contract doesn't exist, then I would like to select the Contract that has no UnitTypes at all. In other words, I would like the contract that applies to this unit's type, but if it doesn't exist I'll take the contract that is unit type agnostic as the default.
Example 1:
Unit A has type XYZ.
Contract B has types [ ABC, DEF ]
Contract C has types []
in this case I would select the unit and Contract C because B has no match on type.
Example 2:
Unit A has type XYZ
Contract B has types [XYZ, ABC]
Contract C has types []
In this case I would select Contract B because it matches the type of the Unit.
The following query works for Example 2, but not for Example 1.
SELECT NEW mypackage.view.MyAggregateView(
u
, MAX(sc.serviceDate)
, c.survey.key )
FROM Contract c
, Unit u
LEFT JOIN u.serviceCalls sc
WHERE c.organization.key = u.organization.key
AND u.organization.key = :organizationKey
AND ((u.unitType MEMBER OF c.unitTypes)
OR (c.unitTypes IS EMPTY))
GROUP BY u, c.survey.key
How do I make this work in both cases and ensure I get the correct Contract?
Yet Another Example:
I've recently run into this again. I have a region, which has a collection of zip codes and optionally a collection of organizations. I also have a Unit, which has a 1-1 to an organization and has a single zip code. I want to get all the appropriate units within the region's zip codes. If the region has no organizations then I should get all units within the zip codes, otherwise I should only get the units that have an organization that matches one of the organizations specified within the region.
Here's my query
Select u.key, u.organization.key
from Unit u, Region r
where r.key = -1
and u.address.postalCode member of r.zips
and r.organizations is empty
This query gets me all of my expected results. The following query, which should in no way restrict the result set since it's only adding an OR, gives me no results.
Select u.key, u.organization.key
from Unit u, Region r
where r.key = -1
and u.address.postalCode member of r.zips
and ((r.organizations is empty) OR (r.organizations is not empty and u.organization member of r.organizations))
I'm using eclipse link 2.0.1 against postgres 9. I also got the same result with eclipselink 2.2.0.
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您的主要问题是“来自单位 u,合同 c ... 其中 c.organization.key = u.organization.key ”是单位和合同之间的内部联接。根据定义,如果没有匹配的合约,则永远不会返回结果。在条件的“或 c.unitTypes 为空”一半甚至有机会触发之前,行就会从结果集中删除。
还有第二个更微妙的问题,即如果您可能有多个合同引用相同的单位类型,则可能会在查询中返回重复的单位。不过,这种加入可能是无法避免的,因为您试图同时获得合同和单位,而不仅仅是单位。 (否则您可以使用存在/不存在而不是连接。)
现在,听起来您确实无法通过单个连接来完成您想要的逻辑。像“如果存在的话就采取某种东西,否则采取其他东西,但不是两者”之类的条件逻辑需要多个联接,然后需要 case/when 逻辑来选择使用哪一个。
此时我想知道您是否最好进行两个单独的查询。根据常见情况和应用程序的整体架构,运行两个简单查询并进行两次往返的性能甚至可能比进行复杂查询以避免往返更好。即使性能受到很小的影响,我也更喜欢这样的可读性和可维护性。
也就是说,如果我必须在 SQL 中执行此操作,并且它绝对必须在单个查询中,那么它是可行的,但一点也不漂亮:
要么那样,要么将两个查询与 UNION ALL 组合在一起,并在返回后停止第一个结果。
然而,这两个选项都不能转换为 JPA/JPQL。 JPQL 没有 UNION 运算符,并且 JPQL 不支持任意条件的外连接,仅支持像使用“left join u.serviceCalls”那样导航关系。我不认为你可以将笛卡尔“来自合同 c,单元 u”变成外连接。
因此,对于 JPQL,我很遗憾地说没有好的方法可以在单个查询中获得您想要的内容。
Your main issue is that "from Unit u, Contract c ... where c.organization.key = u.organization.key " is an inner join between Unit and Contract. By definition, this will never return a result if there is no matching contract. The rows get dropped from the result set before the "or c.unitTypes is empty" half of the condition even has a chance to fire.
There is a second more subtle issue which is that, if you potentially have more than one contract referencing the same unit type, you could get duplicate units back in your query. This join may not be avoidable, though, since you're trying to get both the contracts and units, not just the units. (Otherwise you could use exists/not exists instead of joins.)
Now, it sounds like you really can't do the logic you want with a single join. Conditional logic like "take something if it exists, else take something else, but not both" would require multiple joins and then case/when logic to select which one to use.
At this point I'd wonder if you'd be better off with two separate queries. Depending on the common case and the overall architecture of your application, your performance might even be better running two simple queries and making two round trips, than making a complex query to avoid a round trip. Even if you take a small performance hit, I'd almost prefer that for readability and maintainability.
That said, if I had to do this in SQL, and it absolutely had to be in a single query, it would be doable but not at all pretty:
Either that, or combine two queries together with a UNION ALL, and stop after returning the first result.
Neither option translates to JPA/JPQL, however. JPQL has no UNION operator, and JPQL does not support outer joins on arbitrary criteria, only on navigating relationships as you did with "left join u.serviceCalls". I don't think you can turn a Cartesian "from Contract c, Unit u" into an outer join.
So for JPQL, I'm sad to say there's no good way to get what you want in a single query.