使用 WriteFile/ReadFile 进行串行通信

Question

//#include "StdAfx.h"
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <windows.h> 
#include <winbase.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <tchar.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{

    int com = 'COM2';
    string data = "\n 010400 \n";
    char output[32];
    //unsigned int length = 0;
    DCB config = {0};
    bool abContinue = true;
    DWORD dwBytesWritten;
    DWORD  dwBytesRead;
    int isRead = false;

    HANDLE m_hCommPort = ::CreateFile(L"COM2",
        GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE,//access ( read and write)

        0,    //(share) 0:cannot share the COM port                        

        0,    //security  (None)                

        OPEN_EXISTING,// creation : open_existing

        0,    // we dont want overlapped operation

        0// no templates file for COM port...

        );

    config.DCBlength = sizeof(config);


    if((GetCommState(m_hCommPort, &config) == 0))
    {
        printf("Get configuration port has a problem.");
        return FALSE;
    }

    config.BaudRate = 9600;
    config.StopBits = ONESTOPBIT;
    config.Parity = PARITY_NONE; 
    config.ByteSize = DATABITS_8;
    config.fDtrControl = 0;
    config.fRtsControl = 0;

    if (!SetCommState(m_hCommPort, &config))
    {

        printf( "Failed to Set Comm State Reason: %d\n",GetLastError());
        //return E_FAIL;
    }

    printf("Current Settings\n Baud Rate %d\n Parity %d\n Byte Size %d\n Stop Bits %d", config.BaudRate, 
        config.Parity, config.ByteSize, config.StopBits);

    int isWritten = WriteFile(m_hCommPort, &data,(DWORD) sizeof(data), &dwBytesWritten, NULL);


    //memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
    while (abContinue) 
    {

        isRead = ReadFile(m_hCommPort, output, sizeof(output), &dwBytesRead, NULL);

        if(!isRead)
        {
            abContinue = false;
            break;
        }

    }

    cin.get();
}

我在从 com 端口读取数据时遇到问题。如果我单步执行代码，它将进入“isRead = ReadFile(m_hCommPort, output, sizeof(output), &dwBytesRead, NULL);”并且不会回来......这是我第一次尝试，但没有成功。

Answer 1

您可以在打开文件后但在尝试使用它之前尝试一些类似的代码：

COMMTIMEOUTS timeouts;

timeouts.ReadIntervalTimeout = 1;
timeouts.ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 1;
timeouts.ReadTotalTimeoutConstant = 1;
timeouts.WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 1;
timeouts.WriteTotalTimeoutConstant = 1;
if (!SetCommTimeouts(m_hCommPort, &timeouts))
    // setting timeouts failed.

编辑：也许从一些有效的代码开始并使其执行您想要的操作而不是尝试获取您想要的代码更容易代码来工作。这是一个简单的终端程序。它极其简约，但确实有效（例如，至少足以让我看到 GPS 的输出）。这与任何人（至少是我）所说的复杂还有很长的路要走，但至少应该给出一些如何开始的想法。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define STRICT
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include <windows.h>

void system_error(char *name) {
// Retrieve, format, and print out a message from the last error.  The 
// `name' that's passed should be in the form of a present tense noun 
// (phrase) such as "opening file".
//
    char *ptr = NULL;
    FormatMessage(
        FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER |
        FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM,
        0,
        GetLastError(),
        0,
        (char *)&ptr,
        1024,
        NULL);

    fprintf(stderr, "\nError %s: %s\n", name, ptr);
    LocalFree(ptr);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

    int ch;
    char buffer[1];
    HANDLE file;
    COMMTIMEOUTS timeouts;
    DWORD read, written;
    DCB port;
    HANDLE keyboard = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
    HANDLE screen = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    DWORD mode;
    char port_name[128] = "\\\\.\\COM3";
    char init[] = ""; // e.g., "ATZ" to completely reset a modem.

    if ( argc > 2 )
        sprintf(port_name, "\\\\.\\COM%c", argv[1][0]);

    // open the comm port.
    file = CreateFile(port_name,
        GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
        0, 
        NULL, 
        OPEN_EXISTING,
        0,
        NULL);

    if ( INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == file) {
        system_error("opening file");
        return 1;
    }

    // get the current DCB, and adjust a few bits to our liking.
    memset(&port, 0, sizeof(port));
    port.DCBlength = sizeof(port);
    if ( !GetCommState(file, &port))
        system_error("getting comm state");
    if (!BuildCommDCB("baud=19200 parity=n data=8 stop=1", &port))
        system_error("building comm DCB");
    if (!SetCommState(file, &port))
        system_error("adjusting port settings");

    // set short timeouts on the comm port.
    timeouts.ReadIntervalTimeout = 1;
    timeouts.ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 1;
    timeouts.ReadTotalTimeoutConstant = 1;
    timeouts.WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 1;
    timeouts.WriteTotalTimeoutConstant = 1;
    if (!SetCommTimeouts(file, &timeouts))
        system_error("setting port time-outs.");

    // set keyboard to raw reading.
    if (!GetConsoleMode(keyboard, &mode))
        system_error("getting keyboard mode");
    mode &= ~ ENABLE_PROCESSED_INPUT;
    if (!SetConsoleMode(keyboard, mode))
        system_error("setting keyboard mode");

    if (!EscapeCommFunction(file, CLRDTR))
        system_error("clearing DTR");
    Sleep(200);
    if (!EscapeCommFunction(file, SETDTR))
        system_error("setting DTR");

    if ( !WriteFile(file, init, sizeof(init), &written, NULL))
        system_error("writing data to port");

    if (written != sizeof(init))
        system_error("not all data written to port");

    // basic terminal loop:
    do {
        // check for data on port and display it on screen.
        ReadFile(file, buffer, sizeof(buffer), &read, NULL);
        if ( read )
            WriteFile(screen, buffer, read, &written, NULL);

        // check for keypress, and write any out the port.
        if ( kbhit() ) {
            ch = getch();
            WriteFile(file, &ch, 1, &written, NULL);
        }
    // until user hits ctrl-backspace.
    } while ( ch != 127);

    // close up and go home.
    CloseHandle(keyboard);
    CloseHandle(file);
    return 0;
}

Answer 2

如果您没有明确设置超时，那么 ReadFile 将无限期地阻塞，直到数据可用。

Answer 3

ReadFile 函数可能会阻塞您的线程，如果是这样，它将保持阻塞状态，直到可以从串行端口读取一些数据。这是链接看看是否有帮助。祝你好运。

Answer 4

我在设置了超时的读取文件上遇到了这个问题。这让我抓狂，所以我最终从网上获取了一些确实有效的代码，然后逐行更改以查看错误所在。

事实证明他 readfile 没问题。我的问题是 WaitCommEvent 在端口断开连接时挂起，因为没有收到 com 事件...