C++带有纯虚函数的模板化返回值

发布于 2024-11-07 08:11:23 字数 1595 浏览 3 评论 0原文

我有一个抽象的 Handle包含引用类型 T 的对象的类。我希望能够将该类转换为 Handle,其中 U 是 T 的超类。我会使用继承,但这在这里不起作用。我该怎么做呢?什么是好的替代方案?

示例伪代码:

template<class T>
class Handle {
public:
    virtual ~Handle () {}
    virtual T & operator* () const = 0;
    virtual T * operator-> () const = 0;
    virtual template<class U> operator Handle<U>* () const = 0; // being lazy with dumb pointer
};

template<class T>
class ConcreteHandle : public Handle<T> {
public:
    explicit template<class U> ConcreteHandle (U * obj) : obj(obj) {}
    virtual ~ConcreteHandle () {}
    virtual T & operator* () const {
        return *obj;
    }
    virtual T * operator-> () const {
        return obj;
    }
    virtual template<class U> operator Handle<U>* () {
        return new ConcreteHandle<U>(obj);
    }
private:
    T * obj;
};

根据要求,这就是我正在做的。knownHandles

class GcPool {
public:
    virtual void gc () = 0;
    virtual Handle<GcObject> * construct (GcClass clazz) = 0;
};

class CompactingPool : public GcPool {
public:
    virtual void gc () { ... }
    virtual Handle<GcObject> * construct (GcClass clazz) { ... }
private:
    Handle<GcList<Handle<GcObject> > > rootSet; // this will grow in the CompactingPool's own pool
    Handle<GcList<Handle<GcObject> > > knownHandles; // this will grow in the CompactingPool's own pool.
};

需要与 Handle 兼容,以便它可以位于 CompatingPool 的 rootSet 中。 rootSet 也是如此。我将引导这些特殊的句柄,这样就不会出现先有鸡还是先有蛋的问题。

I have an abstract Handle<T> class that contains references an objects of type T. I want to be able to have that class be able to be converted to Handle<U>, where U is a superclass of T. I would use inheritance, but that doesn't work here. How would I go about doing this? What are good alternatives?

Example psuedo code:

template<class T>
class Handle {
public:
    virtual ~Handle () {}
    virtual T & operator* () const = 0;
    virtual T * operator-> () const = 0;
    virtual template<class U> operator Handle<U>* () const = 0; // being lazy with dumb pointer
};

template<class T>
class ConcreteHandle : public Handle<T> {
public:
    explicit template<class U> ConcreteHandle (U * obj) : obj(obj) {}
    virtual ~ConcreteHandle () {}
    virtual T & operator* () const {
        return *obj;
    }
    virtual T * operator-> () const {
        return obj;
    }
    virtual template<class U> operator Handle<U>* () {
        return new ConcreteHandle<U>(obj);
    }
private:
    T * obj;
};

As requested, this is what I'm doing

class GcPool {
public:
    virtual void gc () = 0;
    virtual Handle<GcObject> * construct (GcClass clazz) = 0;
};

class CompactingPool : public GcPool {
public:
    virtual void gc () { ... }
    virtual Handle<GcObject> * construct (GcClass clazz) { ... }
private:
    Handle<GcList<Handle<GcObject> > > rootSet; // this will grow in the CompactingPool's own pool
    Handle<GcList<Handle<GcObject> > > knownHandles; // this will grow in the CompactingPool's own pool.
};

knownHandles needs to be compatable with Handle so it can be in the CompatingPool's rootSet. Same goes for rootSet. I will bootstrap these special handles so a chicken and egg problem does not occur.

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紫罗兰の梦幻 2024-11-14 08:11:23
virtual template<class U> operator Handle<U>* () const  =0;

语言规范不允许模板虚函数。

考虑 ideone 上的这段代码,然后查看编译错误:

错误:模板可能不是“虚拟”


现在你能做什么?一种解决方案是这样的:

template<class T>
class Handle {
public:

    typedef typename T::super super; //U = super, which is a superclass of T.

    virtual ~Handle () {}
    virtual T & operator* () const = 0;
    virtual T * operator-> () const = 0;

    //not a template now, but still virtual
    virtual super operator Handle<super> () const = 0;  
};

即在派生类中定义一个基类的typedef,并在Handle中使用它。像这样的事情:

struct Base {//...};

struct Derived : Base { typedef Base super; //...};

Handle<Derived>  handle; 

或者您可以定义特征,如下所示:

struct Base {//... };

struct Derived : Base { //... };

template<typename T> struct super_traits;

struct super_traits<Derived>
{
   typedef Base super;
};

template<class T>
class Handle {
public:

    typedef typename super_traits<T>::super super; //note this now!

    virtual ~Handle () {}
    virtual T & operator* () const = 0;
    virtual T * operator-> () const = 0;

    //not a template now, but still virtual
    virtual super operator Handle<super> () const = 0; 
};

在我看来,super_traits 是一个更好的解决方案,因为您可以定义派生类的特征而不对其进行编辑。此外,您可以根据需要定义任意数量的 typedef;假设你的派生类有多个基类,你可能想要定义许多 typedef,或者最好是一个 typelist

virtual template<class U> operator Handle<U>* () const  =0;

Template virtual function is not allowed by the language specification.

Consider this code at ideone, and then see the compilation error:

error: templates may not be ‘virtual’


Now what can you do? One solution is this:

template<class T>
class Handle {
public:

    typedef typename T::super super; //U = super, which is a superclass of T.

    virtual ~Handle () {}
    virtual T & operator* () const = 0;
    virtual T * operator-> () const = 0;

    //not a template now, but still virtual
    virtual super operator Handle<super> () const = 0;  
};

That is, define a typedef of the base class in the derived class, and use it in the Handle. Something like this:

struct Base {//...};

struct Derived : Base { typedef Base super; //...};

Handle<Derived>  handle; 

Or you can define traits, as:

struct Base {//... };

struct Derived : Base { //... };

template<typename T> struct super_traits;

struct super_traits<Derived>
{
   typedef Base super;
};

template<class T>
class Handle {
public:

    typedef typename super_traits<T>::super super; //note this now!

    virtual ~Handle () {}
    virtual T & operator* () const = 0;
    virtual T * operator-> () const = 0;

    //not a template now, but still virtual
    virtual super operator Handle<super> () const = 0; 
};

In my opinion, super_traits is a superior solution, as you're defining the traits of derived classes without editing them. Also, you can define as many typedefs as you want; say your derived class has more than one base, you may want to define many typedefs, or preferably a typelist.

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