在 C++ 中比较 std::string 与常量与比较 char 数组与常量

发布于 2024-11-07 08:06:01 字数 194 浏览 0 评论 0原文

我正在尝试进行一些文本冒险来掌握 C++。

cin >> keyboard1;  
if ((keyboard1 == "inv")inventory(inv);  

如果 Keyboard1 是字符串,则这将起作用,但如果它是字符数组,则不起作用,这是因为我没有在常量末尾包含 null 吗?

I am trying to make a little text adventure to get a handle on C++.

cin >> keyboard1;  
if ((keyboard1 == "inv")inventory(inv);  

This will work if keyboard1 is a string, but won't if it's a char array, is this because I haven't included the null at the end of the constant?

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评论(3

伤痕我心 2024-11-14 08:06:01

假设您的代码如下:

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    std::string s;
    std::cin >> s;
    std::cout << s << std::endl;
    if (s == "inv") {
        std::cout << "Got it" << std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

由于 stl 类 string 覆盖 == 运算符的方式,它可以按预期工作。

您不能指望下面的代码能够正常工作:

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    char *s = (char *)calloc(10, sizeof(char));
    std::cin >> s;
    std::cout << s << std::endl;
    if (s == "inv") {
         std::cout << "Got it" << std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

因为您正在比较 s(字符串开始的地址)和常量字符串(顺便说一句,编译器会自动以 null 结尾)。

您应该使用 strcmp 来比较“c-strings”:

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    char *s = (char *)calloc(10, sizeof(char));
    std::cin >> s;
    std::cout << s << std::endl;
    if (strcmp(s, "inv") == 0) {
        std::cout << "Got it" << std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

这有效。

Let'say your code is the following:

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    std::string s;
    std::cin >> s;
    std::cout << s << std::endl;
    if (s == "inv") {
        std::cout << "Got it" << std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

This works as expected because of the way the stl class string overrides the == operator.

You cannot expect the following code to work instead:

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    char *s = (char *)calloc(10, sizeof(char));
    std::cin >> s;
    std::cout << s << std::endl;
    if (s == "inv") {
         std::cout << "Got it" << std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

because you are comparing s, which is the address where the string starts to a constant string (which, by the way, is automatically null-terminated by the compiler).

You should use strcmp to compare "c-strings":

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    char *s = (char *)calloc(10, sizeof(char));
    std::cin >> s;
    std::cout << s << std::endl;
    if (strcmp(s, "inv") == 0) {
        std::cout << "Got it" << std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

This works.

荒路情人 2024-11-14 08:06:01

不,它不起作用的原因是因为您将比较代表每个字符串的内存地址。请改用 strcmp / wcscmp

比较字符串和常量的原因是因为字符串类将定义一个相等运算符(例如bool StringClass:operator==(const char* pszString))。

No, the reason it won't work is because you will be comparing the address of the memory that represents each string. Use strcmp / wcscmp instead.

The reason why comparing a string and a constant work is because the string class will have an equality operator defined (e.g. bool StringClass:operator==(const char* pszString)).

忱杏 2024-11-14 08:06:01

如果 keyboard1 是一个 char 数组,则 if (keyboard1 == "inv") 正在执行简单的指针比较(两者都变为 char*) 。

keyboard1是一个字符串时,如果存在,则可以调用operator==(cosnt string&, const char*),否则,如果字符串有非显式的构造函数 string(const char *s),常量 "inv" 将隐式转换为字符串对象,并且 operator==(const string&,const string&) 应用。

If keyboard1 is a char array, then if (keyboard1 == "inv") is performing a simple pointer comparison (both become char*).

When keyboard1 is a string, it can call an operator==(cosnt string&, const char*) if one exists, otherwise, if the string has the non-explicit constructor string(const char *s), the constant "inv" would be implicitly converted to a string object, and operator==(const string&,const string&) applied.

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