如何从 Linux 内核模块的 init_module 代码创建设备节点?

发布于 2024-11-06 23:32:43 字数 449 浏览 1 评论 0原文

我正在为 Linux 内核编写一个模块,我想在 init() 函数中创建一些设备节点:

int init_module(void)
{
    Major = register_chrdev(0, DEVICE_NAME, &fops);

    // Now I want to create device nodes
    // with the returned major number
}

我还希望内核为我的第一个节点分配一个次要编号,然后我将分配其他节点的次要编号我自己数的。

我怎样才能在代码中做到这一点?我不想使用 mknod() 从 shell 创建设备。

I am writing a module for the Linux kernel, and I want to create some device nodes in the init() function:

int init_module(void)
{
    Major = register_chrdev(0, DEVICE_NAME, &fops);

    // Now I want to create device nodes
    // with the returned major number
}

I also want the kernel to assign a minor number for my first node, and then I will assign the other nodes' minor numbers by myself.

How can I do this in the code? I don’t want to create devices from the shell using mknod().

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评论(3

心意如水 2024-11-13 23:32:43

要更好地控制设备编号和设备创建,您可以执行以下步骤(而不是 register_chrdev()):

  1. 调用 alloc_chrdev_region() 获取主设备编号以及一系列可供使用的次要号码。
  2. 使用 class_create() 为您的设备创建设备类。
  3. 对于每个设备,调用 cdev_init()cdev_add() 将字符设备添加到系统。
  4. 对于每个设备,调用 device_create()。因此,除其他外,Udev 将为您的设备创建设备节点。不需要 mknod() 或类似的东西。 device_create() 还允许您控制设备的名称。

互联网上可能有很多这样的例子,其中之一在这里

To have more control over the device numbers and the device creation, you could do the following steps (instead of register_chrdev()):

  1. Call alloc_chrdev_region() to get a major number and a range of minor numbers to work with.
  2. Create a device class for your devices with class_create().
  3. For each device, call cdev_init() and cdev_add() to add the character device to the system.
  4. For each device, call device_create(). As a result, among other things, Udev will create device nodes for your devices. There isn’t any need for mknod() or the like. device_create() also allows you to control the names of the devices.

There are probably many examples of this on the Internet, and one of them is here.

腹黑女流氓 2024-11-13 23:32:43
static int __init ofcd_init(void) /* Constructor */
{
    printk(KERN_INFO "Welcome!");
    if (alloc_chrdev_region(&first, 0, 1, "char_dev") < 0)    //$cat /proc/devices
    {
        return -1;
    }
    if ((cl = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "chardrv")) == NULL)    //$ls /sys/class
    {
        unregister_chrdev_region(first, 1);
        return -1;
    }
    if (device_create(cl, NULL, first, NULL, "mynull") == NULL)    //$ls /dev/
    {
        class_destroy(cl);
        unregister_chrdev_region(first, 1);
        return -1;
    }
    cdev_init(&c_dev, &fops);
    if (cdev_add(&c_dev, first, 1) == -1)
    {
        device_destroy(cl, first);
        class_destroy(cl);
        unregister_chrdev_region(first, 1);
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}
static int __init ofcd_init(void) /* Constructor */
{
    printk(KERN_INFO "Welcome!");
    if (alloc_chrdev_region(&first, 0, 1, "char_dev") < 0)    //$cat /proc/devices
    {
        return -1;
    }
    if ((cl = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "chardrv")) == NULL)    //$ls /sys/class
    {
        unregister_chrdev_region(first, 1);
        return -1;
    }
    if (device_create(cl, NULL, first, NULL, "mynull") == NULL)    //$ls /dev/
    {
        class_destroy(cl);
        unregister_chrdev_region(first, 1);
        return -1;
    }
    cdev_init(&c_dev, &fops);
    if (cdev_add(&c_dev, first, 1) == -1)
    {
        device_destroy(cl, first);
        class_destroy(cl);
        unregister_chrdev_region(first, 1);
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}
挽梦忆笙歌 2024-11-13 23:32:43

最小可运行示例

从其他答案中最小化。 GitHub 上游 以及测试设置。

#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/fs.h> /* register_chrdev, unregister_chrdev */
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h> /* seq_read, seq_lseek, single_release */

#define NAME "lkmc_character_device_create"

static int major = -1;
static struct cdev mycdev;
static struct class *myclass = NULL;

static int show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
{
    seq_printf(m, "abcd");
    return 0;
}

static int open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    return single_open(file, show, NULL);
}

static const struct file_operations fops = {
    .llseek = seq_lseek,
    .open = open,
    .owner = THIS_MODULE,
    .read = seq_read,
    .release = single_release,
};

static void cleanup(int device_created)
{
    if (device_created) {
        device_destroy(myclass, major);
        cdev_del(&mycdev);
    }
    if (myclass)
        class_destroy(myclass);
    if (major != -1)
        unregister_chrdev_region(major, 1);
}

static int myinit(void)
{
    int device_created = 0;

    /* cat /proc/devices */
    if (alloc_chrdev_region(&major, 0, 1, NAME "_proc") < 0)
        goto error;
    /* ls /sys/class */
    if ((myclass = class_create(THIS_MODULE, NAME "_sys")) == NULL)
        goto error;
    /* ls /dev/ */
    if (device_create(myclass, NULL, major, NULL, NAME "_dev") == NULL)
        goto error;
    device_created = 1;
    cdev_init(&mycdev, &fops);
    if (cdev_add(&mycdev, major, 1) == -1)
        goto error;
    return 0;
error:
    cleanup(device_created);
    return -1;
}

static void myexit(void)
{
    cleanup(1);
}

module_init(myinit)
module_exit(myexit)
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

Minimal runnable example

Minimized from other answers. GitHub upstream with test setup.

#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/fs.h> /* register_chrdev, unregister_chrdev */
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h> /* seq_read, seq_lseek, single_release */

#define NAME "lkmc_character_device_create"

static int major = -1;
static struct cdev mycdev;
static struct class *myclass = NULL;

static int show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
{
    seq_printf(m, "abcd");
    return 0;
}

static int open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    return single_open(file, show, NULL);
}

static const struct file_operations fops = {
    .llseek = seq_lseek,
    .open = open,
    .owner = THIS_MODULE,
    .read = seq_read,
    .release = single_release,
};

static void cleanup(int device_created)
{
    if (device_created) {
        device_destroy(myclass, major);
        cdev_del(&mycdev);
    }
    if (myclass)
        class_destroy(myclass);
    if (major != -1)
        unregister_chrdev_region(major, 1);
}

static int myinit(void)
{
    int device_created = 0;

    /* cat /proc/devices */
    if (alloc_chrdev_region(&major, 0, 1, NAME "_proc") < 0)
        goto error;
    /* ls /sys/class */
    if ((myclass = class_create(THIS_MODULE, NAME "_sys")) == NULL)
        goto error;
    /* ls /dev/ */
    if (device_create(myclass, NULL, major, NULL, NAME "_dev") == NULL)
        goto error;
    device_created = 1;
    cdev_init(&mycdev, &fops);
    if (cdev_add(&mycdev, major, 1) == -1)
        goto error;
    return 0;
error:
    cleanup(device_created);
    return -1;
}

static void myexit(void)
{
    cleanup(1);
}

module_init(myinit)
module_exit(myexit)
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
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